Albertus Magnus

The Opera Omnia of the Universal Doctor, rendered into English

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Volume 37 · pp. 1–321

The Mariale: Questions on “Missus est”

Mariale, sive Quaestiones super Evangelium Missus est

251 sections · translated from Borgnet vol. 37, pp. 1–321

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  1. Mariale, or Questions on the Gospel, The Angel Gabriel was sent. Proemium; Presuppositions · pp. 1–3
  2. Question I. Whether it was necessary that the Angel Gabriel be sent to Mary · pp. 5–7
  3. Question II. Through what messenger was it fitting for this announcing to be made? · pp. 8–12
  4. Question II, §§ XIII-XVIII · pp. 13–15
  5. Questions III-IV · pp. 15–16 Q. III. In what appearance did the Angel appear? · Q. IV. In what sex did the Angel appear?
  6. Question V. In the appearance of what age did the Angel appear? · p. 17
  7. Question VI. In what garment did the Angel appear? · pp. 18–20
  8. Question VII. At what hour of time was the Annunciation made? · pp. 20–22
  9. Question VIII. Whether the Annunciation was made in a city · pp. 22–23
  10. Question IX. Whether the Annunciation was made in Galilee · p. 24
  11. Question IX, close · p. 25
  12. Question X. In what city ought Christ to have been announced? · pp. 25–26
  13. Question XI. Whether the Evangelist ought to have said, To a Virgin · pp. 26–29
  14. Question XII. In what act the most blessed Virgin was when the Angel announced to her · pp. 29–31
  15. Question XIII. Whether the Evangelist ought to have said, Espoused · pp. 32–33
  16. Question XIV. At what age the most blessed Virgin was when she contracted with Joseph and when she conceived the Lord · pp. 34–35
  17. Question XV. Whether the most blessed Virgin had bodily beauty · p. 36
  18. Question XV, continuation and response · pp. 37–39
  19. Questions XVI-XVII · pp. 39–40 Q. XVI. Whether the most blessed Virgin had due quantity. · Q. XVII. Whether the blessed Virgin had due arrangement and proportion of members.
  20. Questions XVIII-XX · pp. 41–47 Q. XVIII. Whether the blessed Virgin had due color of skin. · Q. XIX. What color the blessed Virgin had in her hair. · Q. XX. What color the blessed Virgin had in her eyes.
  21. Questions XXI-XXII · pp. 47–48 Q. XXI. Whether the Evangelist ought to have added that she was espoused to a man. · Q. XXII. Whether he ought to have added, Whose name was Joseph.
  22. Question XXII conclusion and Question XXIII · pp. 49–50
  23. Question XXIV. Whether he ought to have said: Of the house of David? · pp. 51–53
  24. Question XXV. Whether it is fitting that the mother of God be noble according to the flesh? · pp. 53–57
  25. Questions XXVI-XXIX opening · pp. 58–60 Q. XXVII. Why sacred Scripture does not genealogize women, and especially the Blessed Virgin? · Q. XXVIII. Why the Evangelist said, And the name of the Virgin, in the genitive? · Q. XXIX. How is it fitting that the mother of God was called Mary?
  26. Question XXIX, remainder · pp. 61–63
  27. Question XXX. Why the Evangelist said, He entered, and whether he entered with doors closed or open? · pp. 63–65
  28. Question XXXI. Whether the Gospel greeting fittingly begins with Ave? · pp. 65–68
  29. Question XXXII. Why in general custom the Church adds Mary in greeting, saying: Hail, Mary? · pp. 68–69
  30. Question XXXIII. Whether the Blessed Virgin is fittingly called full of grace? · p. 70
  31. Question XXXIV opening · pp. 71–72
  32. Question XXXIV, remainder · pp. 73–74
  33. Question XXXV. What is understood by the fullness of grace in Mary? · p. 74
  34. Question XXXVI. Whether the sacraments are contained in this fullness? · pp. 75–76
  35. Question XXXVII. Whether the blessed Virgin was confirmed? · pp. 76–77
  36. Question XXXVIII. Whether the blessed Virgin received the Lord's body under the sacrament of the altar? · p. 77
  37. Question XXXIX. Whether the blessed Virgin received any grace through the sacrament of Penance? · p. 78
  38. Question XL. Who was confessor of the blessed Virgin, if she was confessed? · pp. 78–79
  39. Question XLI. Whether the blessed Virgin's fullness completes that grace which is conferred under the sacrament of Order? · pp. 79–80
  40. Question XLII. Why are women not promoted to sacred orders? · pp. 80–81
  41. Question XLIII. Whether the grace of the sacrament of extreme unction is contained in this fullness? · pp. 81–82
  42. Solution to the aforesaid, § I · pp. 82–83
  43. Solution to the aforesaid, § II, opening · pp. 83–84
  44. Solution to the aforesaid, § II, remainder · pp. 85–87
  45. Question XLIV. Whether the blessed Virgin had faith? · pp. 87–89
  46. Question XLV. Whether the blessed Virgin had hope? · p. 90
  47. Question XLVI. Whether charity was in the blessed Virgin? · pp. 90–92
  48. Question XLVII. Whether the charity of the blessed Virgin Mary on the way was in a state such that it could be augmented? · pp. 92–93
  49. Question XLVIII. Whether the blessed Virgin enjoyed on the way according to the mode of the homeland? · pp. 93–94
  50. Question XLIX. Whether the blessed Virgin had charity toward neighbor in the highest degree of a creature? · pp. 94–95
  51. Question L. In what state the blessed Virgin had justice with respect to wayfarers? · pp. 95–96
  52. Question LI, opening · p. 96
  53. Question LI, remainder · p. 97
  54. Question LII. Whether the blessed Virgin had dulia? · p. 98
  55. Question LIII. Whether the blessed Virgin had penitence? · p. 99
  56. Question LIV. Whether prudence was in the blessed Virgin according as it is also in other wayfarers? · pp. 99–100
  57. Question LV. According to what state fortitude was in the blessed Virgin? · pp. 100–101
  58. Question LVI. Whether the blessed Virgin had perseverance? · p. 101
  59. Question LVII. Whether she had temperance? · p. 101
  60. Question LVIII. Whether she had chastity? · p. 102
  61. Question LIX. Whether she had sobriety? · pp. 102–103
  62. Question LX. Whether she had modesty? · p. 103
  63. Question LXI. Whether she had modesty in the cultivation of garments? · pp. 103–104
  64. Things to be premised for the solution of the preceding Questions, § I · pp. 104–107
  65. Things to be premised for the solution of the preceding Questions, § II · pp. 107–108
  66. Things to be premised for the solution of the preceding Questions, § III, opening · p. 108
  67. Things to be premised for the solution of the preceding Questions, §§ III-V, remainder · pp. 109–111
  68. Response to Question XLIV concerning faith · pp. 111–112
  69. Response to Questions XLV-XLIX concerning hope and charity · pp. 112–117
  70. Response to Questions L, LI, etc., concerning the cardinal virtues · p. 117
  71. Response to Questions LX and LXI concerning modesty · pp. 117–118
  72. Question LXII. How the sevenfold fullness of grace, distributed through the sevenfold gifts, is contained in that fullness? · pp. 118–119
  73. Question LXIII. Whether wisdom was in the blessed Virgin? · pp. 119–120
  74. Question LXIV, opening · p. 120
  75. Question 64, remainder · p. 121
  76. Question 65. In what way the gift of counsel was in her · pp. 121–122
  77. Question 66. Whether the gift of fortitude was in her · pp. 122–123
  78. Question 67. In what way the gift of knowledge was in the blessed Virgin · pp. 123–124
  79. Question 68. Whether the gift of piety was in her · p. 124
  80. Question 69 and the response to Questions 62, 63, etc., concerning the gifts · pp. 125–126
  81. Question 70. In what way the beatitudes were in the blessed Virgin · pp. 126–127
  82. Question 71. In what way poverty was in the blessed Virgin · pp. 127–129
  83. Question 72. In what way mildness and meekness were in her · pp. 129–130
  84. Question 73. In what way the beatitude of mourning was in her · p. 130
  85. Question 74. Whether the beatitude of hunger and thirst for justice was in her · p. 131
  86. Question 75. Whether mercy was in her · pp. 131–132
  87. Question 76. Whether cleanness of heart was in her · p. 133
  88. Question 77. Whether peace was in her · pp. 133–134
  89. Question 78. Whether the aureole of martyrs was in the blessed Virgin · pp. 134–135
  90. Question 79. Whether the aureole of preachers was in her · p. 136
  91. Question 80. Whether the aureole of virgins was in her · p. 137
  92. Question 81 and the response to Questions 70-81 · pp. 138–139
  93. Question 82. In what way the fruits that the Apostle sets down were in her · p. 139
  94. Question 83. Whether the fruit that is charity especially was in her · pp. 140–141
  95. Question 84. Whether the fruit that is joy was in her · pp. 141–142
  96. Question 85. Whether the fruit that is peace was in her · pp. 142–143
  97. Question 86. Whether patience was in her · p. 143
  98. Question 87. Whether longanimity was in her · p. 144
  99. Question 88. Whether goodness was in her · p. 144
  100. Question 88 continuation. Whether goodness, which is sweetness of soul, was in her · p. 145
  101. Question 89. Whether meekness was in her · pp. 145–146
  102. Question 90. Whether kindness was in her · pp. 146–147
  103. Question 91. Whether faith was in her · pp. 147–148
  104. Question 92. Whether modesty was in her · pp. 148–149
  105. Question 93. Whether continence was in her · pp. 149–150
  106. Question 94. Whether chastity was in her · pp. 150–151
  107. Fuller solution of the preceding questions concerning graces making one pleasing, section 1 · p. 151
  108. Fuller solution, sections 2-3 · p. 152
  109. Fuller solution, sections 4-6 · pp. 152–153
  110. Question 95. In what manner graces given gratis were in the Blessed Virgin, sections 1-2 · pp. 153–156
  111. Question 96. Whether the Blessed Virgin knew all the mechanical arts? · p. 157
  112. Question 97. Whether she knew the more subtle and noble women’s mechanical arts? · p. 158
  113. Question 98. Whether the Blessed Virgin knew the liberal arts in the highest degree? · p. 159
  114. Question 99. Whether she knew Grammar? · pp. 159–160
  115. Question 100. Whether she knew Rhetoric? · p. 160
  116. Question 101. Whether she knew civil rights, laws, and decrees in the highest degree? · p. 160
  117. Question 102. Whether she knew Logic? · p. 161
  118. Question 103. Whether she knew Physics and Medicine? · pp. 161–162
  119. Question 104. Whether the quadrivial sciences were in the Blessed Virgin? · p. 162
  120. Question 105. Whether she knew Music? · p. 163
  121. Question 106. Whether she knew Astronomy? · p. 163
  122. Question 107. Whether she knew Arithmetic? · p. 164
  123. Question 108. Whether she knew Geometry? · p. 164
  124. Question 109. Whether she knew Theology perfectly? · p. 165
  125. Question 110. Whether she knew the matter of the book of the Sentences? · p. 166
  126. Question 111. Whether she knew all things? · pp. 166–167
  127. Response to Questions 95, 96, etc., concerning knowledge · pp. 167–168
  128. Question 112. Whether the Blessed Virgin had faith, which is grace given freely? · p. 168
  129. Question 112 continued. Concerning faith · p. 169
  130. Question 113. Whether she had the grace of healings? · pp. 169–170
  131. Question 114. Whether she had the working of powers? · p. 170
  132. Question 115. Whether she had prophecy? · pp. 170–171
  133. Question 116. Whether she had discernment of spirits? · pp. 171–172
  134. Question 117. Whether she had kinds of tongues? · p. 172
  135. Question 118. Whether she had interpretation of speeches? · pp. 172–173
  136. Question 119. Whether it belongs to the Blessed Virgin that she is an Apostle? · pp. 173–174
  137. Question 120. Whether it belongs to her that she is a Prophetess? · p. 174
  138. Question 121. Whether it also belongs to her that she is an Evangelist? · p. 174
  139. Question 122. Whether she had the gift of a pastor? · p. 175
  140. Question 123. In what way the Blessed Virgin was prefigured in many ways? · pp. 175–177
  141. Question 124. Whether she was prophesied? · p. 177
  142. Question 125. Whether she was announced? · p. 178
  143. Question 126. Whether she was miraculously conceived? · p. 178
  144. Question 127. Whether she was sanctified in the womb? · pp. 179–180
  145. Question 128. Whether the Blessed Virgin had special graces which surround manner of life? · p. 180
  146. Question 128 continued. On special graces concerning manner of life · p. 181
  147. Question 129. Whether she foreknew death? · p. 181
  148. Question 130. Whether the Lord led his mother after she had been invited? · p. 182
  149. Question 131. Whether the Blessed Virgin underwent death without pain? · pp. 182–184
  150. Question 132. Whether she was immediately assumed in body and soul? · pp. 184–187
  151. Question 133. Whether the Blessed Virgin was immune from sin? · pp. 187–188
  152. Question 134. Whether the Blessed Virgin could sin? · pp. 189–190
  153. Question 135. Whether the Blessed Virgin had as a privilege that she merited by every motion? · pp. 191–192
  154. Question 136. Whether she merited by every passion? · p. 192
  155. Question 137. Whether purity in the highest degree ought to be assigned to the Blessed Virgin as a privilege? · pp. 193–194
  156. Question 138. Whether according to that state she shone with that purity than which no greater can be understood under God? · pp. 194–196
  157. Question 139. Whether she received this purity at once or successively? · pp. 196–197
  158. Question 140. Whether a greater grace can be understood to be participated by a pure creature than to be the Mother of God? · p. 198
  159. Question 141. Whether it would be more for a human being to be father of God than mother? · pp. 199–200
  160. Question 142. In what way that privilege which is mother and virgin is placed among the privileges of grace? · pp. 200–202
  161. Question 143. Whether Mary is Virgin of virgins? · pp. 202–203
  162. Question 144. Whether she could be called mother of mothers, as Virgin of virgins? · pp. 203–204
  163. Question 145. Whether it belongs to her to be mother of all? · pp. 204–206
  164. Question 146. Whether Mary is called star of the sea properly or by transference? · pp. 207–209
  165. Question 147. Whether she is fittingly called gate of heaven? · pp. 210–211
  166. Question 148. Whether she shared in the passion of the Son? · pp. 211–214
  167. Question 149. Whether, just as the Lord in the passion at once had highest joy and highest sorrow, so the Blessed Virgin at once had both? · pp. 214–215
  168. Question 150. Whether she had highest joy in the passion of the Son? · pp. 216–220
  169. Question 151. Whether the Blessed Virgin was exalted above every creature in a fourth hierarchy? · pp. 220–223
  170. Question 152. Whether she has the properties of all Angels? · pp. 223–225
  171. Question 153. How the Blessed Virgin had the properties of Angels and of the first hierarchy? · p. 225
  172. Question 154. Whether she had the properties of Archangels? · pp. 225–226
  173. Question 155. Whether she had the properties of Principalities? · pp. 226–227
  174. Question 156. Whether she had the properties of Powers? · p. 227
  175. Question 157. Whether she had the properties of Virtues? · pp. 227–228
  176. Question 158. Whether she had the properties of Dominations? · pp. 228–230
  177. Question 159. Whether she had the properties of Thrones? · p. 231
  178. Question 160. Whether she had the properties of Cherubim? · p. 232
  179. Question 161. Whether she had the properties of Seraphim? · pp. 232–234
  180. Question 162. Whether the name queen of mercy properly belongs to the Blessed Virgin? · pp. 234–237
  181. Question 163. Whether the Blessed Virgin had sufficiency of privileges? · pp. 237–240
  182. Question 164. What has come to us from the fullness of Mary’s graces? · pp. 240–245
  183. Question 165. Whether it is well placed in the Angelic salutation: The Lord is with you? · pp. 246–249
  184. Question 166. Whether it is well placed: Blessed are you among women? · pp. 249–251
  185. Question 167. How this blessing comprehends all other blessings? · p. 252
  186. Question 168. That this blessing comprehends the second blessing by which God blessed Adam and Eve? · pp. 252–253
  187. Question 169. How does this blessing comprehend in itself the blessing by which Isaac blessed Jacob? · pp. 253–254
  188. Question 170. How does this blessing comprehend in itself the other blessings by which Jacob blessed his sons with their individual proper blessings? And first concerning the blessing of Judah. · pp. 254–255
  189. Question 171. How does she comprehend in herself the blessing given to Zebulun? · pp. 256–257
  190. Question 172. How does she comprehend in herself the blessing given to Issachar? · pp. 257–258
  191. Question 173. How does she comprehend in herself the blessing given to Dan? · p. 259
  192. Question 174. How does she comprehend in herself the blessing given to Gad? · pp. 259–260
  193. Question 175. How does she comprehend in herself the blessing given to Naphtali? · pp. 260–261
  194. Question 176. How does she comprehend in herself the blessing given to Asher? · pp. 261–262
  195. Question 177. How does she comprehend in herself the blessing given to Joseph? · pp. 262–263
  196. Question 178. How does she comprehend in herself the blessing given to Benjamin? · p. 264
  197. Question 179. How does the Blessed Virgin comprehend in herself those blessings with which Balaam blessed Israel, as to the first blessing? · pp. 264–265
  198. Question 180. How does she comprehend in herself the second blessing of Balaam? · pp. 266–267
  199. Question 181. How does she comprehend in herself the third blessing of Balaam? · pp. 267–268
  200. Question 182. How does she comprehend in herself the fourth blessing of Balaam? · pp. 268–269
  201. Question 183. How does the Blessed Virgin comprehend in herself the blessings with which Moses blessed Israel keeping the commandments? · pp. 269–271
  202. Question 184. How does she comprehend in herself the blessings given to the sons of Israel by Moses? And first, concerning the blessing of Reuben. · p. 272
  203. Question 185. How does she comprehend in herself the blessing of Judah? · pp. 272–273
  204. Question 186. How does she comprehend in herself the blessing of Levi? · pp. 273–274
  205. Question 187. How does she comprehend in herself the blessing of Benjamin? · pp. 274–275
  206. Question 188. How does she comprehend in herself the blessing of Joseph? · pp. 275–276
  207. Question 189. How does she comprehend in herself the blessing of Gad? · p. 276
  208. Question 190. How does she comprehend in herself the blessing of Dan? · p. 277
  209. Question 191. How does she comprehend in herself the blessing of Naphtali? · pp. 277–278
  210. Question 192. How does she comprehend in herself the blessing of Asher? · p. 278
  211. Question 193. How does she comprehend in herself all the blessings together? · pp. 278–280
  212. Question 194. Whether these words are fittingly added: And blessed is the fruit of your womb? · p. 280
  213. Question 195. What does this phrase import: Blessed is the fruit of your womb, and in what does it differ from the others premised in the salutation? · pp. 280–281
  214. Question 196. Whether the blessing of the fruit contains in itself the blessings of all, and especially whether it has the blessings of all that are comprehended in the blessings of his mother? · pp. 281–283
  215. Question 197. Why did the angelic salutation have only ten words, and not more or fewer? · pp. 283–284
  216. Notes for the solution of Questions 194, 195, 196, and 197. Solution of the aforesaid questions. · pp. 284–287
  217. Question 198. Why was the Blessed Virgin troubled? · pp. 287–288
  218. Question 199. Whether it is suitably said: And she was thinking? · p. 289
  219. Question 200. When it is said here: Fear not, why is fear of this sort removed here? · pp. 289–290
  220. Question 201. Whether the Blessed Virgin had shamefastness? · pp. 290–291
  221. Question 202. Whether God himself had shamefastness? · p. 291
  222. Question 203. When it is said: You have found grace, what is it to find grace? · pp. 291–292
  223. Question 204. Whether these words are well added: With God? · pp. 292–294
  224. Question 205. When it is said: Behold, you shall conceive, by whom was the conception made as by an efficient cause through appropriation? · pp. 294–295
  225. Question 206. From what, as from matter, was this conception made? · pp. 295–297
  226. Question 207. What is the mode of conceiving? · p. 297
  227. Question 208. Whether this conception was immediately from a created power, or an uncreated power? · pp. 297–298
  228. Question 209. For how much time was the Lord in the womb? · p. 298
  229. Question 210. In what manner did he go out from the womb? · p. 299
  230. Question 211. Whether the Blessed Virgin had pain or some delight in conception? · pp. 299–300
  231. Question 212. Whether the Blessed Virgin had any heaviness in carrying? · p. 300
  232. Question 213. Whether she had pain or delight in giving birth? · p. 300
  233. Continuation of Question 213 and Response to Questions 205, 206, etc. · pp. 301–302
  234. Question 214. Whether it is suitably said: In the womb? · p. 302
  235. Question 215. Whether the incarnate Word has only one name? · p. 303
  236. Question 216. Who imposed that name Jesus? · pp. 303–304
  237. Question 217. When was that name instituted? · p. 304
  238. Question 218 and Response to Questions 215, 216, etc. · pp. 304–305
  239. Question 219. Whether the Lord through his incarnation was made small or great? · pp. 305–307
  240. Question 220. Why are these words added: And he will be called Son of the Most High, when above it was said: And his name will be called Jesus? · p. 308
  241. Question 221. Whether, when it is said: The Lord will give him the throne of David his father, by the throne of David a bodily or spiritual kingdom is understood? · pp. 308–310
  242. Question 222. Whether it is well said: And he will reign in the house of Jacob forever, and of his kingdom there will be no end? · p. 310
  243. Question 223 and Response to Questions 221, 222, 223 · pp. 310–312
  244. Continuation of the Response to Questions 221, 222, 223 · pp. 313–314
  245. Question 224. Whether the Blessed Virgin said doubtfully: How shall this be done? · pp. 314–316
  246. Question 225. Whether she said well: I do not know man? · pp. 316–317
  247. Question 226. Whether it is fittingly said: The Holy Spirit will come upon you? · p. 317
  248. Question 227 and Response to Questions 226 and 227 · pp. 317–319
  249. Question 228. Whether it is fittingly said: What will be born from you holy will be called Son of God? · pp. 319–320
  250. Question 229. When it is said: Behold Elizabeth, your kinswoman, why or for what purpose is it introduced? · p. 320
  251. Question 230 and Response to Questions 229 and 230 · pp. 320–321