Volume 1 · pp. 459–809

Prior Analytics, Books I–II

Liber I-II Priorum Analyticorum

159 sections · translated from Borgnet vol. 1, pp. 459–809

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Book I of the Prior Analytics. Treatise I. On Those Things Which Must Be Premised to the Art. Chapter I. On the Subject, Method, and Name of the Book. · pp. 459–460
Chapter II. On Those Things About Which the Intention of This Science Is Concerned. · pp. 460–461
Chapter III. What a Proposition Is. · pp. 461–465
Chapter IV. What a Term Is. · p. 465
Chapter V. What Syllogism Is According to Definition. · pp. 465–467
Chapter VI. Which Syllogism Is Perfect and Which Imperfect. · p. 467
Chapter VII. On Being in a Whole, and on Being Predicated of Every and of No Thing, Which Are Principles of Perfect Syllogisms. · p. 468
Chapter VIII. How Conversion Is a Principle of an Imperfect Syllogism, and What Conversion Is. · pp. 469–470
Chapter VIII, Continuation from Page 471. · p. 471
Chapter IX. On the Conversion of Propositions According to Terms. · pp. 472–473
Chapter X. On the Solution of Instances Which Seem to Be Against the Introduced Conversions. · pp. 473–474
Chapter XI. On the Conversion of Propositions Concerning the Necessary. · pp. 474–476
Chapter XII. On the Distinction of the Modes in Which the Contingent Is Taken. · pp. 476–477
Chapter XIII. On the Conversion of Affirmative Propositions Concerning the Contingent. · pp. 477–480
Chapter XIV. On the Conversion of Negatives Concerning the Contingent. · pp. 480–482
Continuation of Chapter XIV on page 483 · p. 483
Chapter XV. On the removal of an error that could occur. · pp. 483–485
Treatise II. On the generation of syllogisms in figure. Chapter I. · pp. 486–487
Chapter II. On the formation of universal syllogisms and of the useful conjugations of the first figure, and what figure is, and what the first figure is. · pp. 487–490
Chapter III. On the useless and universal conjugations of the first figure. · pp. 490–491
Chapter IV. On the formation of syllogisms concluding particularly in the first figure according to useful and useless conjugations. · pp. 491–493
Chapter V. On the perfections of the first figure. · pp. 493–494
Chapter VI. On the properties of the second figure. · p. 494
Chapter VI. On the properties of the second figure, continuation. · pp. 495–496
Chapter VII. On the formation of universal syllogisms of the second figure, both of useful and useless conjugations. · pp. 497–498
Chapter VIII. On the formation of particular syllogisms of the second figure according to useful and useless conjugations. · pp. 498–501
Chapter IX. On the corollaries which are had from the things previously introduced. · pp. 501–502
Chapter X. On the properties of the third figure. · pp. 502–505
Chapter XI. On the formation of universal syllogisms of the third figure, of useful and useless conjugations. · pp. 505–506
Continuation of Chapter XI on page 507 · p. 507
Chapter XII. On the formation of particular syllogisms of the third figure, useful and useless. · pp. 507–510
Chapter XIII. On the summary of what has been said and on the formation of two syllogisms concluding indirectly. · pp. 510–512
Chapter XIV. On the premises that have been stated concerning the reduction of syllogisms. · pp. 512–515
Treatise III. On the generation of syllogisms that are from modal propositions concerning the necessary and the contingent. Chapter I. · pp. 516–518
Continuation of Chapter I on page 519 · p. 519
Chapter II. On the question whether the fourth of the second and the fifth of the third can be perfected through impossibility. · pp. 519–522
Chapter III. On the mixing of the necessary and inherence in universal syllogisms of the first figure. · pp. 522–524
Chapter IV. On the mixing of the necessary and inherence in particular syllogisms of the first figure. · pp. 524–527
Chapter V. On the mixing of the necessary and inherence in universal syllogisms of the second figure. · pp. 527–528
Chapter VI. On the solution of those things that seem to be against what has been said. · pp. 528–529
Chapter VII. On the formation of particular syllogisms of the mixing of the necessary and inherence in the second figure. · pp. 529–530
Continuation of Chapter VII on page 531 · pp. 531–532
Chapter VIII. On the mixing of the necessary and inherence in the third figure in universal syllogisms. · pp. 532–534
Chapter IX. On the mixing of the necessary and inherence in particular syllogisms of the third figure. · pp. 534–536
Tractate IV. On the generation of syllogisms of the contingent, uniform and mixed. Chapter I. On the principles of the generation of syllogisms about the contingent. · pp. 537–539
Chapter II. On being said of every and being said of none in propositions about the contingent, and on universal syllogisms about the contingent according to useful conjugations. · pp. 540–542
Continuation of Chapter II on page 543 · p. 543
Chapter III. On the formation of particular syllogisms concerning the contingent. · pp. 543–544
Chapter IV. On the solution of doubts which concern this uniform generation in the contingent. · pp. 545–547
Chapter V. On the mixing of the contingent and inherence in the universal modes of the first figure. · pp. 547–549
Chapter VI. On the things which must precede the conjugations of imperfect modes. · pp. 549–551
Chapter VII. On the imperfect conjugations of universal syllogisms and on their perfection. · pp. 551–554
Chapter VIII. On the imperfect conjugations of universal negative syllogisms. · p. 554
Continuation of Chapter VIII on page 555 · pp. 555–556
Chapter IX. Whether a conclusion of inherence can follow from the conjugations of imperfect syllogisms. · pp. 556–558
Chapter X. What inherence simply is. · pp. 558–559
Chapter XI. How these imperfect modes infer a conclusion about the contingent for the possible. · pp. 559–561
Chapter XII. On the formation of particular syllogisms of perfect and imperfect useful and useless conjugations of the mixing of the contingent and inherence. · pp. 561–563
Chapter XIII. On the rules of the mixing of the necessary and the contingent in the first figure, and on the useful and useless conjugations of universal syllogisms of this mixing. · pp. 563–566
Chapter XIV. On the solution of two things which concern the conjugations of perfect syllogisms of this mixing. · p. 566
Continuation of Chapter XIV on page 567 · pp. 567–568
Chapter XV. On the solution of doubts which concern the imperfect conjugations of this mixing. · pp. 568–571
Chapter XVI. On the consequence of imperfect conjugations in which the major is affirmative about the necessary. · pp. 571–575
Chapter XVII. On the formation of particular syllogisms in the first figure of the mixing of the necessary and the contingent. · pp. 575–577
Chapter XVIII. Because there cannot be a uniform generation from the contingent in the second figure. · pp. 577–578
Continuation of Chapter XVIII on page 579 · pp. 579–581
Chapter XIX. Why from both propositions about the contingent no syllogism is made in the second figure. · pp. 581–583
Chapter XX. On the mixing of the contingent and inherence in the second figure. · pp. 583–586
Chapter XXI. On the formation of particular syllogisms of the mixing of the contingent and inherence in the second figure. · pp. 586–587
Chapter XXII. On the principle by which the mixing of the contingent and the necessary is regulated in the second figure, and on the formation of useful conjugations for universal syllogisms of this mixing. · pp. 587–589
Chapter XXIII. On the useless conjugations of this mixing taken with regard to universal syllogisms of the second figure. · pp. 589–590
Continuation and end of Chapter XXIII · pp. 591–593
Chapter XXIV. On the particular syllogisms of the mixing of the necessary and the contingent in the second figure. · pp. 594–595
Chapter XXV. On the uniform generation of syllogisms about the contingent in the third figure. · pp. 596–598
Chapter XXVI. On the mixing of the contingent and inherence in the third figure. · pp. 599–602
Continuation and end of Chapter XXVI · p. 603
Chapter XXVII. On the mixing of the necessary and the contingent in the third figure for universal syllogisms. · pp. 603–605
Chapter XXVIII. On the mixing of the necessary and the contingent in the third figure for particular syllogisms. · pp. 605–607
Chapter XXIX. The usefulness of these mixings is briefly gathered. · pp. 607–608
Treatise V. On the sufficiency of the three figures that have been treated. Chapter I. That every syllogism is according to one of the three figures. · pp. 609–612
Chapter II. Here it is declared that a syllogism from hypothesis is in one of the three figures. · pp. 612–613
Chapter III. That there can be no syllogism to the proposed point without a universal proposition, which is the principle of syllogism with respect to mode. · pp. 613–614
Continuation and end of Chapter III · pp. 615–617
Chapter IV. It is proved that no one syllogism has more than three terms. · pp. 617–620
Chapter V. On the number of propositions in a syllogism both simply one and not simply one, and how the number of propositions is related to the number of terms and conclusions. · pp. 620–623
Chapter VI. On propositions which are easily proved, and on those which are proved with difficulty. · pp. 623–625
Treatise VI. On the discovery of the middle. Chapter I. Toward what things one must look for the discovery of the middle. · p. 626
Continuation and end of Chapter I · pp. 627–631
Chapter II. What sort of principles, and in what disposition, are to be chosen for any proposed matter with respect to the discovery of middles. · pp. 631–634
Chapter III. On the description of the figure for these things which have been said. · pp. 634–637
Chapter IV. That this art suffices for concluding every problem. · pp. 637–638
Continuation and end of Chapter IV · pp. 639–641
Chapter V. That the art introduced is sufficient in syllogisms from hypothesis which are to the impossible, and in the others which are from hypothesis. · pp. 641–644
Chapter VI. That it is the same with respect to inspection of the middle in syllogisms from transumption and in those which are from modal propositions, and that this art is general. · pp. 644–646
Chapter VII. That the art has now been had in common, but must be adapted concerning proper matters in individual sciences. · pp. 646–647
Chapter VIII. That the art which certain men posited from division for the discovery of the middle does not suffice. · pp. 647–650
Chapter IX. On the exclusion of certain doubts about the things which have been said. · p. 650
Continuation and end of Chapter IX · p. 651
Treatise VII. On the reduction of syllogisms. Chapter I. For what reasons reduction must be treated, in how many ways reduction is made, and on the order of reductions. · pp. 652–653
Chapter II. On the reduction of speech into syllogism through inspection of propositions. · pp. 653–655
Chapter III. On the resolution of a non-syllogized proposition to syllogistic form through consideration of terms. · pp. 655–657
Chapter IV. On the error which occurs about the resolution of two propositions into three terms from a depraved exposition or taking of terms according to abstract and concrete. · pp. 658–660
Chapter V. On the error which occurs in the reduction of propositions into terms from this, that incomplex or simple terms are always sought. · pp. 660–661
Chapter VI. On the error which comes from this, that terms are taken according to the obliquity of some case. · pp. 661–662
Continuation and end of Chapter VI · pp. 663–664
Chapter VII. On the error or difficulty of the resolution of a proposition into terms on account of reduplication. · pp. 664–666
Chapter VIII. On the reduction of propositions into terms where there is reduplication of the minor extreme. · pp. 666–668
Chapter IX. How the resolution of propositions into terms may be easy. · pp. 668–669
Chapter X. On the difficulty of resolution which comes from a universal sign added or not added to the subject of the first proposition. · pp. 669–670
Chapter XI. How the exposition of a proposition through terms is made or has been made. · p. 671
Chapter XII. How sometimes there is an impediment from this, that the things which are posited in one syllogism are concluded in diverse figures. · pp. 671–672
Chapter XIII. On the impediment that comes from definition. · p. 672
Chapter XIV. That syllogisms from hypothesis cannot be reduced into terms in this way. · pp. 672–674
Treatise VIII. On the reduction of speech syllogized in one figure into another figure. Chapter I. On the reduction of the first figure into the second, and conversely. · pp. 675–676
Chapter II. On the reduction of particular syllogisms of the first figure into the third, and conversely. · pp. 677–678
Chapter III. On the reduction of the second into the third, and conversely. · pp. 678–679
Treatise IX. On the exclusion of the error of those saying that the negative concerning a finite predicate is the same as the affirmative concerning an infinite predicate. Chapter I. On their difference from one another. · pp. 680–681
Chapter II. On the consequences of propositions affirmative concerning an infinite predicate and negative concerning a finite predicate toward one another. · pp. 681–685
Chapter III. On the consequences caused from the relation of antecedent and consequent among convertibles. · pp. 685–686
Continuation and end of Chapter III · pp. 687–688
Book II of the Prior Analytics, Tractate I, Chapters I-IV (part) · pp. 689–700 Ch. II. On the solution of the doubts and the diversity of opinions which concern the power that… · Ch. III. On the power by which, according to matter, the true is syllogized from the false. · Ch. IV. How universal syllogisms of the first figure are made from falsehoods, and that falsehoo…
Book II of the Prior Analytics, Tractate I, Chapters IV-IX (part) · pp. 701–712 Ch. V. How in particular syllogisms of the first figure it is possible to syllogize truth from… · Ch. VI. How truth follows from falsehood in the second figure in universal syllogisms. · Ch. VII. How truth follows from falsehood in particular syllogisms of the second figure. · Ch. VIII. How truth is syllogized from falsehood in syllogisms of the third figure, both universal… · Ch. IX. On the proof that truth does not follow from falsehood except quia and not propter quid.
Book II of the Prior Analytics, End of Tractate I and Tractate II, Chapters I-IV (part) · pp. 713–724 Ch. II. How a circular syllogism is made in the first figure, both universal affirmative and uni… · Ch. III. How a circle is made in the second figure. · Ch. IV. How circular showing is made in the third figure.
Treatise II, Chapter V · pp. 725–727 Ch. V. In What Way A Circle Is Made In Each Figure Is Determined In Common.
Treatise III, Chapter I · pp. 728–729 Tr. III. ON THE CONVERSIVE SYLLOGISM. · Ch. I. What It Is To Convert, And What The Conversive Syllogism Is.
Treatise III, Chapter II · pp. 729–731 Ch. II. In What Way The Conversive Syllogism Is Made In The Universal Modes Of The First Figure,…
Treatise III, Chapter III · pp. 731–732 Ch. III. On Particular Conversive Syllogisms Of The First Figure.
Treatise III, Chapter IV · pp. 732–734 Ch. IV. On The Conversive Syllogisms Of The Second Figure, Both Particular And Universal.
Treatise III, Chapter V · pp. 734–738 Ch. V. On Conversive Syllogisms In The Third Figure, Both Universal And Particular, And Both Af…
Treatise IV, Chapter I · pp. 739–741 Tr. IV. ON THE SYLLOGISM THROUGH THE IMPOSSIBLE. · Ch. I. What A Syllogism Through The Impossible Is, And In What It Differs From, And In What It…
Treatise IV, Chapter II · pp. 741–743 Ch. II. In What Way A Syllogism Through The Impossible Is Made; And That The Universal Affirmati…
Treatise IV, Chapter III · pp. 744–748 Ch. III. In What Way Propositions Other Than The Universal Affirmative Are Demonstrated Through T…
Treatise IV, Chapter IV · pp. 748–750 Ch. IV. What Is Shown Through The Impossible In The Second Figure, And How.
Treatise IV, Chapter V · pp. 750–752 Ch. V. In What Way A Syllogism Through The Impossible Is Made In The Third Figure.
Treatise IV, Chapter VI · pp. 752–754 Ch. VI. On The Difference Between The Syllogism Through The Impossible And The Ostensive Syllogi…
Treatise IV, Chapter VII · pp. 754–757 Ch. VII. On The Showing Of Those Things Which Have Been Said Through The Formation Of Syllogisms.
Treatise V, Chapter I · pp. 758–761 Tr. V. ON THE SYLLOGISM FROM OPPOSITES, WHICH IS THE SYLLOGISM FROM INCOMPOSSIBLES, SINCE ALL T… · Ch. I. How Many Kinds Of Oppositions There Are, And That In The First Figure There Is No Syllog…
Treatise V, Chapter II · pp. 761–762 Ch. II. In What Way A Syllogism From Opposites Is Made In The Second Figure.
Treatise V, Chapter III · pp. 762–764 Ch. III. In What Way A Syllogism From Opposites Is Made In The Third Figure.
Treatise VI, Chapter I · pp. 765–769 Tr. VI. ON THE FAULT AGAINST THE CIRCULAR SYLLOGISM, WHICH IS PETITION OF THE PRINCIPLE. · Ch. I. What, By Definition, The Petition Of That Which Is In The Beginning Is, And In How Many…
Treatise VI, Chapter II · pp. 769–770 Ch. II. On The Exclusion Of Two Things Which Concern Petition Of The Principle.
Treatise VI, Chapter III · pp. 770–773 Ch. III. On The Modes Of That Which Is The False Occurring Not Because Of This.
Treatise VI, Chapter IV · pp. 773–774 Ch. IV. On The Solution Of The Sophistical Objection Which Is Against The Things Introduced Befo…
Treatise VI, Chapter V · pp. 774–775 Ch. V. On The Removal Of The Error Which Can Concern This Which Has Been Said, That The False O…
Treatise VI, Chapter VI · pp. 775–776 Ch. VI. On The Caution Of The Respondent, How He Should Take Care Lest The False Seem To Follow…
Treatise VI, Chapter VII · pp. 776–777 Ch. VII. That, When One Has That From Which A Syllogism Is Made, One Has That From Which An Elenc…
Treatise VI, Chapter VIII · pp. 777–781 Ch. VIII. On The Fault Of Contrary Deception Which Concerns The Syllogism From Opposites.
Treatise VI, Chapter IX · pp. 781–784 Ch. IX. That Knowing Is Said In Three Ways, Which Is Brought Forward For Understanding The Thing…
Treatise VI, Chapter X · pp. 784–785 Ch. X. On The Opinion And Ignorance Of Those Things Which Are Opposed According To Matter Accid…
Treatise VII, Chapter I · pp. 786–789 Tr. VII. ON THE REDUCTION OF OTHER ARGUMENTATIONS INTO SYLLOGISM. · Ch. I. On The Conversion Of The Middle With The Extremes And The Conversion Of The Extremes To…
Treatise VII, Chapter II · pp. 789–791 Ch. II. On The Second Rule Or Consequence, And The Third, And The Fourth, And The Fifth.
Treatise VII, Chapter III · pp. 791–792 Ch. III. On The Sixth Rule Teaching The Consequence Of Things To Be Chosen.
Treatise VII, Chapter IV · pp. 793–795 Ch. IV. On The Reduction Of Induction Into Syllogism.
Treatise VII, Chapter V · pp. 795–797 Ch. V. On Example, What It Is And How It Has Itself To Syllogism And To Induction.
Treatise VII, Chapter VI · pp. 797–799 Ch. VI. On Deduction, What It Is And In How Many Modes It Is Made.
Treatise VII, Chapter VII · pp. 799–802 Ch. VII. On Instance Or The Instantiative Syllogism, What It Is And Through Which Figures It Is M…
Treatise VII, Chapter VIII · pp. 802–803 Ch. VIII. On Ikos And Sign, From Which Enthymeme Is Made.
Treatise VII, Chapter IX · pp. 803–806 Ch. IX. On Enthymeme, What It Is, And By Which Modes It Is Made, And In What Way It Is Reduced T…
Treatise VII, Chapter X · pp. 806–809 Ch. X. On The Discovery Of The Sign Which Is In Place Of The Middle In An Enthymeme.