Albertus Magnus

The Opera Omnia of the Universal Doctor, rendered into English

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Volume 2 · pp. 525–713

Sophistical Refutations, Books I–II

Libri I-II Elenchorum

42 sections · translated from Borgnet vol. 2, pp. 525–713

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  1. Book I of the Refutations. Tractate I. On the things to be set forth first. Chapter I. On what is to be treated in this book · pp. 525–527
  2. Chapter II. On the things that must be treated and how many sophistical refutations there are · pp. 527–530
  3. Chapter III. Whose part it is to use syllogism, and on account of these things the kinds of disputations are determined · pp. 530–531
  4. Chapter IV. On the kinds of disputations · pp. 531–533
  5. Chapter V. On the five goals · pp. 533–535
  6. Chapter VI. On the modes of arguing toward reduction, which are fallacies in common · pp. 535–536
  7. Tractate II. On fallacy in diction. Chapters I-VIII · pp. 537–548 Ch. II. On the solution of doubts that concern equivocation. · Ch. III. On the modes of amphibology. · Ch. IV. On the solution of doubts that concern the modes of amphibology. · Ch. V. On the three modes in which equivocation and amphibology agree. · Ch. VI. On the three modes of composition. · Ch. VII. On the three modes of division. · Ch. VIII. On the exclusion of doubts that concern the fallacies of composition and division.
  8. Tractate II. Chapters IX-XI · pp. 549–556 Ch. IX. On the exclusion of doubts concerning the modes of composition and division. · Ch. X. On the fallacy of accent and its two modes. · Ch. XI. On the fallacy of figure of diction and on the modes of the same.
  9. Tractate III. On Fallacies Outside Diction. Chapters I-III · pp. 557–560 Ch. II. What the fallacies outside diction are and what the order is. · Ch. III. On the things that must be said concerning the fallacy of accident.
  10. Tractate III. Chapters III-VIII · pp. 561–572 Ch. IV. On the fallacy of accident with respect to the cause of appearance and the cause of non-… · Ch. V. On the formation of the modes of the paralogism of accident. · Ch. VI. On the preliminaries for knowing the fallacy according to qualifiedly and simply. · Ch. VII. On the fallacy according to qualifiedly and simply, and the difference between something… · Ch. VIII. In which things it is easy to see deception according to qualifiedly and simply, and in…
  11. Tractate III. Chapters IX-XV · pp. 573–584 Ch. IX. On the things that are preliminary for knowing the fallacy according to ignorance of ref… · Ch. X. On the difference between the fallacy according to qualifiedly and simply, and ignorance… · Ch. XI. On the universal cause of the fallacy according to ignorance of refutation, and its mani… · Ch. XII. Whether true opposites are concluded in a paralogism according to ignorance of refutation. · Ch. XIII. On the preliminaries for knowing the fallacy according to begging the principle. · Ch. XIV. On the modes of paralogisms according as that which was in the beginning is begged. · Ch. XV. On the preliminaries for understanding the fallacy of the consequent.
  12. Tractate III. Chapters XV-XX · pp. 585–596 Ch. XVI. On the fallacy of the consequent and its modes. · Ch. XVII. On the preliminaries for understanding the fallacy according to non-cause as cause. · Ch. XVIII. On the fallacy according to non-cause as cause. · Ch. XIX. On the modes of the fallacy according to non-cause as cause. · Ch. XX. On the preliminaries for syllogizing the fallacy according to several questions as one.
  13. Tractate III. Chapters XX-XXI; Tractate IV. Chapters I-IV · pp. 597–608 Ch. XXI. On the fallacy according to several questions as one. · Ch. II. On the reduction of equivocation and amphibology into ignorance of refutation, and likew… · Ch. III. On the special reduction of the fallacy of accident into ignorance of refutation. · Ch. IV. On the reduction of the fallacy according to qualifiedly and simply, and of the fallacy…
  14. Tractate IV. Chapters V-VII · pp. 609–614 Ch. V. On the reduction of the fallacy of accident into ignorance of refutation. · Ch. VI. On the solution of the doubts which concern the things that have been said. · Ch. VII. On the reduction of the fallacy according to several questions as one into ignorance of…
  15. Tractate V. Chapter I; Opening Of Chapter II · pp. 615–617
  16. Tractate V. Chapters II-III · pp. 618–620 Ch. III. That the same principles belong to the apparent syllogism and to the sophistical syllogi…
  17. Tractate V. Chapters III-IV · pp. 621–625 Ch. IV. That it is not necessary in this art to seek a determination concerning a disciplinary p…
  18. Tractate V. Chapters V-VI · pp. 625–630 Ch. V. Concerning the error of those dividing sophistical speeches, namely that some are to the… · Ch. VI. Concerning the destruction of the division introduced from the fact that it is a fallacy.
  19. Tractate V. Chapter VII · pp. 631–632 Ch. VII. What the contentious and sophistical syllogism is, and from what things it is made conce…
  20. Tractate V. Chapter VII and Chapter VI · pp. 633–638
  21. Tractate VI. Chapter I · pp. 639–643 Tr. VI. CONCERNING DEDUCTION TO THE FOUR GOALS, NAMELY THE FALSE, THE IMPROBABLE, SOLECISM, AND… · Ch. I. Concerning deduction to the false and to nugation.
  22. Tractate VI. Chapter II · pp. 643–644 Ch. II. Concerning the preliminaries for understanding those things by which someone is led to t…
  23. Tractate VI. Chapter IV · pp. 645–649 Ch. IV. Concerning making the respondent nugate truly and apparently. · Ch. IV. How the respondent is led to solecism, or seems to be led.
  24. Tractate VII. Chapters I-III · pp. 650–654 Tr. VII. CONCERNING PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED BY THE OPPONENT. · Ch. I. Concerning precautions taken from the part of the speech. · Ch. II. Concerning precautions taken from the part of the respondent. · Ch. III. Concerning precautions taken from the part of the opponent.
  25. Book II. Tractate I. Chapter I · pp. 655–656 Tr. I. CONCERNING THE INTENTION AND USEFULNESSES, AND CONCERNING APPARENT SOLUTION OR RESPONSE. · Ch. I. Concerning the intention and usefulnesses in common.
  26. Book II. Tractate I. Chapters I-II · pp. 657–661 Ch. II. Concerning the proof that apparent solution is sometimes more to be chosen, and what app…
  27. Book II. Tractate I. Chapters III-IV · pp. 661–665 Ch. III. And there is proof that in apparent solution the multiple must be shown. · Ch. IV. Concerning the ten precautions or refutations which must be used in apparent solution.
  28. Tractate II. Chapters I-II · pp. 666–668 Tr. II. CONCERNING THE RIGHT SOLUTION OF FALSE SPEECHES. · Ch. I. What, in common, and what sort, the right solution of false speech is. · Ch. II. Concerning the solution of paralogisms of equivocation and amphibology.
  29. Tractate II. Chapter II · p. 669
  30. Tractate II. Chapters III-IV · pp. 670–675 Ch. III. Concerning the solution of paralogisms according to composition and division. · Ch. IV. Concerning the solution of those paralogisms which are according to accent.
  31. Tractate II. Chapter V · pp. 675–677 Ch. V. Concerning the solution of paralogisms according to the mode which is according to the a…
  32. Tractate II. Chapter VI · pp. 677–680 Ch. VI. Concerning the solution of paralogisms of the second mode of figure of diction.
  33. Tractate II. Chapters VI-VII · pp. 681–685 Ch. VII. Concerning the solution of paralogisms of the third mode of figure of diction.
  34. Tractate II. Chapter VIII · p. 685 Ch. VIII. Concerning the general solution of all paralogisms in diction.
  35. Tractate I. Chapters I-II · pp. 686–692 Tr. I. CONCERNING THE SOLUTION OF PARALOGISMS OF FALLACIES OUTSIDE DICTION. · Ch. I. Concerning the general solution of paralogisms of accident, and its adaptation to paralo… · Ch. II. Concerning the disproof of the false solution of paralogisms of accident.
  36. Tractate III. Chapter III · pp. 693–697 Ch. III. Concerning the solution of paralogisms of the fallacy according to qualifiedly and simply.
  37. Tractate III. Chapter IV · pp. 697–698 Ch. IV. Concerning the solution of paralogisms according to ignorance of refutation.
  38. Tractate III. Chapters V-VIII · pp. 698–701 Ch. V. Concerning the solution of paralogisms according to petition of the principle. · Ch. VI. Concerning the solution of paralogisms according to consequent. · Ch. VII. Concerning the solution of paralogisms according to non-cause as cause. · Ch. VIII. Concerning the solution of paralogisms according to many questions as one.
  39. Tractate IV. Chapters I-II · pp. 702–704 Tr. IV. CONCERNING THE SOLUTION OF PARALOGISMS LEADING TO OTHER GOALS THAN TO REFUTATION. · Ch. I. Concerning the solution of those which lead to solecism. · Ch. II. Concerning the solution of paralogisms leading to solecism.
  40. Tractate IV. Chapter II · pp. 705–706
  41. Tractate V. Chapter I · pp. 707–710 Tr. V. CONCERNING SHARP AND VERY SHARP SPEECHES. · Ch. I. Concerning the distinction of sharp and non-sharp speeches.
  42. Tractate V. Chapters II-III · pp. 710–713 Ch. II. Concerning the epilogues of the things said in the Topics and in this whole book. · Ch. III. In what way the science of logic was invented.