Serarius's last great labor, left finished at his death in 1609 and published the next year by his Jesuit college at Mainz, which dedicated it to the Archbishop-Elector: a commentary on the whole life of Joshua, of which this former volume carries his deeds up to the wars. Book I follows Joshua before his leadership through ten chapters of questions: his genealogy; the great excursus on the Name — Osee changed to Joshua, and thence nineteen questions on the name of JESUS, its meaning, efficacy, and veneration, closing with a defense of the name “Jesuit”; the Amalekite war as a type of Christ crucified, with its hard questions of God's severity answered; the ascent of Sinai; his zeal over Eldad and Medad; the exploration of the land; his election and inauguration as leader, in forty-two questions; and his deeds until Moses's death. Books II–III then open the Book of Joshua itself: eight prolegomena on its author and authority; the Lord's charge and the people's preparation; Rahab and the spies, with her scarlet cord read for the Church; the crossing of the Jordan and the twelve stones; and the camp at Gilgal — the second circumcision, the first Passover in the promised land with the ceasing of the manna, and the captain of the Lord's host, whom Serarius argues at length to be St. Michael. Three hundred and sixty questions, with the volume's own Index of Questions linked to every one. Paris, 1610. In English for the first time. The latter volume, on Joshua's wars and on what followed them, is translated too, and stands here beside this one.
Scripture commentary · 17th century
Commentary on Joshua, Volume I
Nicolaus Serarius, S.J. (1555–1609) · translated from the Latin of the 1610 Paris edition (Edmund Martin)
Companion volume: Commentary on Joshua, Volume II
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Original Latin text — Iosue, ab utero ad ipsum usque tumulum (Paris, 1610) at Google Books
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Contents
Front Matter
Book I — De Iosue
Book I — De Iosue: Caput I — On the Genealogy of Joshua
- Caput I (opening)
- Question I. Whether the Ephraim whose sons are here recounted is the Patriarch?
- Question II. Whether the first nine [named] are properly called sons of the Patriarch Ephraim?
- Question III. Did these sons of Ephraim invade the Gethites?
- Question IV. Beria — why was he so named by Ephraim?
- Question V. Who [was] Sara, and whether [she was] properly the daughter of Ephraim, or of Beria?
- Question VI. How many cities, and how, did the same Sara build?
- Question VII. Whose sons, properly, [were] Rapha, Reseph, and the others?
- Question VIII. How various [is] the name of Joshua's father, and what does it signify?
- Question IX. [The typological genealogy of Joshua.]
Book I — De Iosue: Caput II — On the Name of Joshua
- Caput II (opening)
- Question I. What [is] Osee, and Joshua?
- Question II. How was this change of name made?
- Question III. By whom was this same change of name made?
- Question IV. What, in general, [is] the cause of changing names?
- Question V. Why specifically was the change of Joshua's name made?
- Question VI. When was this change of the name made?
- Question VII. Whether Joshua is rightly called Auses by some?
- Question VIII. Whether Iehova is the same, among the Hebrews, as Iesua?
- Question IX. Whether Iehosua is rightly called Iosue?
- Question X. Whether Iosue and Iesus are one and the same name?
- Question XI. How, out of the Hebrew, was the name Jesus made?
- Question XII. Whether this name Jesus is the highest, above every name?
- Question XIII. How efficacious [is] this same most august name of Jesus?
- Question XIV. In what way [is] this same name of Jesus so efficacious?
- Question XV. Whether this name is to be venerated?
- Question XVI. How [the name is to be venerated / Iosue]
- Question XVII. How excellent, above the rest, this name is
- Question XVIII. Whether anyone can be called Jesus or Joshua?
- Question XIX. Whether at least anything can be denominated from this name — for example's sake, Iesuanus, Iesuinus, or Iesuita [Jesuit]?
Book I — De Iosue: Caput III — On Joshua's deeds; and specifically now on the first of those deeds, which is the Amalekite war
- Caput III (opening)
- Question I. Who is Amalek?
- Question II. (marg.) Who was the King of the Amalekites then? And how much time [had passed] from the Egyptian exodus?
- Question III. (marg.) What was the place of this war?
- Question IV. (marg.) What was the cause of that same war?
- Question V. (marg.) How was the war waged? And with what arms?
- Question VI. (marg.) Why was Joshua appointed leader in this war?
- Question VII. (marg.) Why was Joshua bidden by Moses to choose the men [himself]?
- Question VIII. (marg.) Which hill [was it] onto which Moses ascended?
- Question IX. (marg.) Why did Moses ascend thither?
- Question X. (marg.) Who ascended with Moses — who [were they]? and especially [who was] Hur?
- Question XI. (marg.) What did Moses do on that top [of the hill]?
- Question XII. (marg.) What did Aaron and Hur do with Moses?
- Question XIII. (marg.) How, meanwhile, was Joshua fighting?
- Question XIV. (marg.) Why, when Moses's hands were lifted up, did the Israelites conquer; [and] when [they were] lowered, were [they] conquered?
- Question XV. (marg.) What did Aaron and Hur signify?
- Question XVI. (marg.) The stone placed under Moses — of what thing [is it] a sign?
- Question XVII. (marg.) What was the outcome of the battle?
- Question XVIII. (marg.) What things followed the victory?
- Question XIX. (marg.) What things did the Lord say after the victory? And about the first of them
- Question XX. (marg.) What [was] the second of those things which the Lord said after the victory?
- Question XXI. (marg.) What [was] the third of those same sayings of the Lord?
- Question XXII. (marg.) What things did Moses do after the victory? And about the first of them
- Question XXIII. (marg.) Of those things which Moses did after the victory, which [was] the second?
- Question XXIV. QUESTION XXV
- Question XXVI. (marg.) Is Scaliger's version and explanation correct?
- Question XXVII. (marg.) When were these [commands] concerning the destruction of the Amalekites carried into execution?
- Question XXVIII. (marg.) Why was so great a punishment exacted only of the Amalekites?
- Question XXIX. (marg.) Why did God defer the same punishments of the Amalekites to so long a time afterward?
- Question XXX. (marg.) What is signified by these ruins of the Amalekites?
Book I — De Iosue: Caput IV — Joshua's second deed: namely, his ascent of Mount Sinai with Moses
- Caput IV (opening)
- Question I. (marg.) Why did Moses have a minister, and whether more [than one]?
- Question II. (marg.) In what did Joshua minister to Moses?
- Question III. (marg.) Why was this — that Joshua was Moses's minister — committed to writing? (e.g. Exod. 24; Deut. 1, v. 38; Num. 11, v. 28)
- Question IV. (marg.) To what [mountain] did Joshua go with Moses?
- Question V. (marg.) Why did Moses lead him [Joshua] with him onto the mountain?
- Question VI. (marg.) When did the same Joshua ascend the mountain?
- Question VII. (marg.) What number of day from the Egyptian departure was it, on which the arrival at Sinai [took place]?
- Question VIII. (marg.) On what day was that [command] of Exod. 19, v. 11, spoken — "let them be ready against the third day"?
- Question IX. (marg.) On what day, both of the third month and from the Egyptian exodus, was the Law given?
- Question X. (marg.) On what day was the Law confirmed?
- Question XI. (marg.) Was the Jewish Pentecost [instituted] for the memory of the Law's giving?
- Question XII. (marg.) Does our Pentecost agree, as to time, with the Jewish?
- Question XIV. (marg.) How long did Joshua remain on Mount Sinai?
- Question XV. (marg.) Was Joshua together with Moses in the highest part of the mountain, and the noblest part of the cloud?
- Question XVI. (marg.) In so many days on the mountain, what did Joshua do?
- Question XVII. (marg.) Did Joshua make use of food and drink on the mountain?
- Question XVIII. (marg.) What was Joshua's food and drink on the mountain?
Book I — De Iosue: Caput V — Joshua's descent from Mount Sinai
- Caput V (opening)
- Question I. (marg.) Did Joshua hear when the Lord told Moses the people had sinned?
- Question II. (marg.) Whether [Joshua helped] in carrying the tables of the Decalogue?
- Question III. (marg.) Whether Joshua rightly said he heard the howl of battle?
- Question IV. (marg.) To Joshua saying those things, what [replied] Moses?
- Question V. (marg.) Which of the two heard the shouts of the reveling Israelites sooner — Moses or Joshua?
Book I — De Iosue: Caput VI — Joshua's studies and deeds after the descent from Mount Sinai, in the same first year of the Egyptian departure
- Caput VI (opening)
- Question I. (marg.) How was Joshua at this time a "boy" [puer]?
- Question II. (marg.) What kind was that tabernacle from which Joshua did not depart?
- Question III. (marg.) What did Joshua do in that tabernacle?
- Question IV. (marg.) How, and why, did Joshua not depart from that tabernacle?
- Question V. (marg.) How long did Joshua keep this manner of life and constancy in that tabernacle?
Book I — De Iosue: Caput VII — Joshua's zeal on behalf of his Lord
- Caput VII (opening)
- Question I. (marg.) Was the boy [puer] who told Moses that Eldad and Medad were prophesying — Joshua? or at least some one of Moses's ministers?
- Question II. (marg.) How is Joshua said to be "chosen out of many"?
- Question III. (marg.) What, on hearing that boy, did Joshua say?
- Question IV. (marg.) For what cause did Joshua wish to forbid Eldad and Medad?
- Question V. (marg.) Was it true that Joshua showed emulation for Moses's glory?
- Question VI. (marg.) Was Joshua's emulation for Moses a good one?
- Question VII. (marg.) Was the emulation of the disciples of John and of Christ the Lord better than this of Joshua?
- Question VIII. (marg.) Why did Joshua not ask that the rest [the seventy] also be forbidden to prophesy?
- Question IX. (marg.) What may one be allowed to learn from this zeal of Joshua for Moses?
- Question X. (marg.) Was Joshua himself in the number of those seventy?
Book I — De Iosue: Caput VIII — Joshua's sending to explore the land, [his] return, and other deeds
- Caput VIII (opening)
- Question I. (marg.) When the explorers were sent, was Joshua one of the princes of the people?
- Question II. (marg.) Did two men carry that cluster on a pole, and who [were they]?
- Question IV. (marg.) Ought Joshua to have opposed the explorers' first speech?
- Question V. (marg.) Ought Joshua to have opposed the same explorers' second or third speech?
- Question VI. (marg.) Did Joshua stand against these same querulous, lying, and seditious speeches of the explorers?
- Question VII. (marg.) Why did Joshua and Caleb rend their garments, while Moses and Aaron fell down [prostrate]?
- Question VIII. (marg.) What [did] Joshua and Caleb [say] in their speech to the people?
- Question IX. (marg.) Did the people wish to stone Joshua and Caleb?
- Question X. (marg.) How did the Lord approve and commend the zeal and constancy of Joshua and Caleb in that murmuring?
- Question XI. (marg.) In this sedition, which of the two behaved better and more bravely — Joshua or Caleb?
- Question XII. (marg.) What did Joshua signify in this exploration, and the murmuring that followed?
Book I — De Iosue: Caput IX — On the election, and the inauguration, of Joshua as ruler and prince of the people
- Caput IX (opening)
- Caput IX (opening)
- Question II. (marg.) What did Moses, about to die, ask of the Lord?
- Question III. (marg.) Why is Moses, about to die, so anxious about a successor?
- Question IV. (marg.) Whom did Moses ask for as successor?
- Question V. (marg.) What is the best way of constituting a successor?
- Question VI. (marg.) Why does Moses shudder to leave the people without a Prince?
- Question VII. (marg.) In the designation of a successor, how should Princes imitate Moses?
- Question VIII. (marg.) Whom did God name as successor to Moses, praying so earnestly?
- Question IX. (marg.) In the divine naming of a successor, did Moses grieve or rejoice?
- Question X. (marg.) To the naming of the successor, what did the Lord add?
- Question XI. (marg.) The imposition of hands — how manifold, and which [kind is] here?
- Question XII. (marg.) Where, and how, was this imposition of hands made?
- Question XIII. (marg.) By what effect was this same imposition of hands made?
- Question XIV. (marg.) Was Joshua at once, with the imposition of hands, filled with that spirit?
- Question XV. (marg.) [Did Moses act] as a political prince, or as an Ecclesiastic or Prophet, [when] the same imposition of hands was made?
- Question XVI. (marg.) How was Joshua set before the Pontiff and the people?
- Question XVII. (marg.) Which was done first — the imposition of hands, or this setting [him] before all?
- Question XVIII. (marg.) What did Moses command Joshua, now consecrated? and why?
- Question XIX. (marg.) Ought Moses to have given of his own glory to the succeeding Joshua?
- Question XX. (marg.) How ought Moses to give Joshua of his own glory?
- Question XXI. (marg.) How many actions of the created prince are here handed down?
- Question XXII. (marg.) How ought Joshua to stand before the Pontiff, and himself inquire?
- Question XXIII. (marg.) What, at least universally and confusedly, were the Urim?
- Question XXIV. (marg.) How was that [ornament], in which the Urim were, wont to be called?
- Question XXV. (marg.) How were the Urim otherwise called?
- Question XXVI. (marg.) More distinctly, what were the Urim and Thummim?
- Question XXVII. (marg.) What was the use of the same Urim and Thummim, and what the cause of the names? [the printed marginal numeral is worn — it reads like "XXV"; but by the run of the questions this is the 27th.]
- Question XXVIII. (marg.) What is the manner of inquiring through Urim and Thummim? and first, among the Priests? [the printed marginal numeral reads "XXVI"; but by the run of the questions this is the 28th — the printed marginal Q-numbers lag by two from col 210 on.]
- Question XXIX. (marg.) What is the manner of inquiring, for those interrogating the priest? [printed marginal numeral "XXVII"; = XXIX by the run of the questions.]
- Question XXX. (marg.) What is the manner of responding through Urim and Thummim? and first, according to Josephus? [printed marginal numeral "XXVIII" (set oddly as "XXV.III"); = XXX by the run of the questions.]
- Question XXXI. (marg.) What manners of responding through the same Urim and Thummim do other authors hand down? [printed marginal numeral "XXIX"; = XXXI by the run of the questions.]
- Question XXXII. (marg.) What is the fixed opinion, at last, about the same manner of responding? [printed marginal numeral "XXX"; = XXXII by the run of the questions.]
- Question XXXIII. (marg.) About what matters did the Lord respond through Urim and Thummim? [printed marginal numeral "XXXI"; = XXXIII by the run of the questions.]
- Question XXXIV. (marg.) How ought Joshua to go out and to go in at the Priest's word? [printed marginal numeral "XXXII"; = XXXIV by the run of the questions.]
- Question XXXV. (marg.) Was it Joshua alone who had to obey the Priest's command? [printed marginal numeral "XXXIII"; = XXXV by the run of the questions.]
- Question XXXVI. (marg.) Did Joshua ever use Urim and Thummim? [printed marginal numeral "XXXIV"; = XXXVI by the run of the questions.]
- Question XXXVII. (marg.) What things are gathered from what has been said? and first, what [is it] to interrogate concerning, or in, the judgment of Urim, and what [is] the certitude of these? [printed marginal numeral "XXXV"; = XXXVII by the run of the questions.]
- Question XXXVIII. (marg.) What, secondly, is gathered from these things said? [printed marginal numeral "XXXVI"; = XXXVIII by the run of the questions.]
- Question XXXIX. (marg.) What is gathered from what has been said, thirdly? [printed marginal numeral "Q. XXXVII"; = XXXIX by the run of the questions.]
- Question XL. (marg.) What, fourthly, is to be gathered from the [things] which have thus far been disputed? [printed marginal numeral "Q. XXXVIII"; = XL by the run of the questions.]
- Question XLI. (marg.) What is to be noted in this election of the successor [Joshua, son of Nun]? [printed marginal numeral "Q. XXXIX"; = XLI by the run of the questions; marginal partly abraded — "…& whether the people's [consent was needful]."]
- Question XLII. (marg.) What [did] Eleazar the Pontiff [do] in the same election? [printed marginal numeral "Q. XL"; = XLII by the run of the questions.]
Book I — De Iosue: Caput X — On the remaining deeds of Joshua, up to after Moses's death
- Caput X (opening)
- Question I. (marg.) Was Joshua the leader in the Midianite war? [Caput X — question-numbering restarts.]
- Question II. (marg.) Whether Joshua the successor received the Cabala [oral tradition] from Moses? [Caput X, quest. II — marginals accurate here.]
- Question III. (marg.) Whether now for the first time the Lord speaks to Joshua, and why? [Caput X, quest. III.]
- Question IV. (marg.) How is Joshua said, together with Moses now about to die, both to have written and to have sung the canticle? [Caput X, quest. IV.]
- Question V. (marg.) Whether Joshua was present at Moses's death? [Caput X, quest. V.]
- Question VI. (marg.) Whether Joshua was present at the burial of the same Moses? [Caput X, quest. VI.]
- Question VII. (marg.) Whether Joshua wrote the last chapter of Deuteronomy, or at least a certain part of it? [Caput X, quest. VII.]
- Question VIII. (marg.) What was signified by this — that Joshua succeeded Moses? [Caput X, quest. VIII — the final question of Book I.]
Book II: Prolegomena — Eight
- Prolegomenon I. What is the argument [subject-matter] of the book of Joshua?
- Prolegomenon II. Who is the Author of the same book?
- Prolegomenon III. What is the authority of the same book?
- Prolegomenon IV. What is the order [position] of the same book relative to the other biblical books?
- Prolegomenon V. Why is the same book entitled "Joshua"?
- Prolegomenon VI. What is the utility of the same book?
- Prolegomenon VII. Who are the interpreters [commentators] of the same book?
- Prolegomenon VIII. What is the division of the whole book?
Book II: Chapter One
Book II: Commentary
- Commentary (opening)
- Question I. (marg.) When, how, and now for which turn [time] did the Lord speak to Joshua? [Caput I, quest. I.]
- Question II. (marg.) How is Moses called "servant of the Lord"? [Caput I, quest. II.]
- Question III. (marg.) Why is Moses so often affected with [given] this title, "servant of GOD"? [Caput I, quest. III.]
- Question IV. (marg.) Whether, because dead Moses is called "servant of God," it is gathered [that] he was saved? [Caput I, quest. IV; the printed marginal reads "Q. VI" — a transposition of "IV."]
- Question V. (marg.) What is the land into which the Lord bids Joshua, and the Israelite people, cross? [Caput I, quest. V.]
- Question VI. Whether that land is circumscribed by any [particular] boundaries?
- Question VII. What are the boundaries of that same [land]?
- Question VIII. In what manner was this land given by God to the Israelites?
- Question IX. Whether this land was ever afterwards possessed by the Israelites?
- Question X. If so great a land was promised, why is it commanded that Joshua — and all the people — cross the Jordan?
- Question XI. Why does the Lord so often confirm Joshua himself?
- Question XII. In what manner does the Lord confirm the same Joshua?
Book II: In which [is treated] the preparation of the people
- In which [is treated] the preparation of the people (opening)
- Question I. What was this preparation?
- Question II. Why was this preparation commanded?
- Question III. Through whom was this same preparation commanded?
- Question IV. When was this same preparation commanded?
- Question V. What is to be learned from this preparation?
Book II: Of a certain part of the people
- Of a certain part of the people (opening)
- Question I. Why does Joshua warn these tribes specially?
- Question II. Of what did Joshua warn the same tribes?
- Question V. What weight have these responses given to Joshua?
- Question VI. By whom was this response given to Joshua?
- Question V. Why did Joshua warn [them] of such things?
- Question VI. What can be learned from the response of the three tribes?
Book II: Caput II
Book II: Commentary
- Commentary (opening)
- Question I. To what [end], and whether rightly, were the spies sent by Joshua?
- Question II. How many were these spies?
- Question III. Who, then, were these same spies?
- Question V. When were the spies sent?
- Question VI. In what manner were the spies sent?
- Question VII. What is to be learned from this mission?
Book II: Teaching what befell the spies in that exploration
- Teaching what befell the spies in that exploration (opening)
- Question I. How were the spies able to reach Jericho?
- Question II. Rahab — what [is] the name?
- Question III. Was Rahab a harlot?
- Question IV. When the spies came, was Rahab still exercising harlotry?
- Question V. Of what kind was this same Rahab a harlot — whether at once a caupona-woman, a common [prostitute], [and] an idolatress?
- Question VI. Of how many years [old] was Rahab then?
- Question VII. When did they come, and did the spies lodge overnight in Rahab's house?
- Question VIII. Whether the spies surveyed all [those things] which Josephus says?
- Question IX. About the same spies, what [did] the Jericho[ite] King and his guards [do]?
- Question X. Where, when, and how did Rahab hide the spies?
- Question XI. Did Rahab lie?
- Question XIII. Whether, in order that the spies be preserved, Rahab necessarily lied
- Question XIV. Whether Rahab lied more gravely than the midwives of Exodus ch. 1
- Question XV. Did Rahab betray [her] fatherland?
- Question XVI. Whether Rahab could, without sin, have indicated and handed over the spies
- Question XVII. Whether the knowledge which was in Rahab concerning the God of the Israelites was natural or supernatural
- Question XVIII. What [was] the nature of the terror which had rushed upon the Jerichoites
- Question XIX. What did Rahab seek from the spies
- Question XX. Whether the spies granted Rahab's demands, and how
- Question XXI. How the spies escaped from the shut-up city of Jericho
- Question XXII. How could Rahab let them down from the city wall
- Question XXIII. By what [way] did the spies go straight from Jericho, and when did they return [to Joshua]
- Question XXIV. In what order were all these [things] said and done
- Question XXV. In what language did Rahab and the spies speak with one another
- Question XXVI. In the whole three-day hiding, what did the spies eat and do
- Question XXVII. In that same three-day period, and thenceforward until the city was captured, what did Rahab do
Book II: The Third Part of the Chapter
- The Third Part of the Chapter (opening)
- Question I. What lessons of life do the spies give
- Question II. What lessons does Rahab likewise give
- Question III. What allegory is in the same Rahab
- Question IV. Could Rahab in any way be compared with the Blessed Virgin
Book II: Caput III
Book II: The Crossing of the Jordan
- The Crossing of the Jordan (opening)
- Question I. When did the Israelites come to the bank of the Jordan
- Question II. How long did the Israelites stop on that bank of the Jordan
- Question III. What [was] the latter preparation for the imminent crossing of the Jordan
- Question IV. Who [were] the heralds, and what [about] the time of the advance itself
- Question V. About the manner of the advance, [do] the same heralds [say] anything?
- Question VI. Whether the appointed distance between the people and the ark is to be taken geometrically, or ethically [morally]
- Question VII. Whether in the Hebrew [the reading] is that the interval must be between the people and several arks
- Question VIII. What [were] the causes, that the manner of advancing, as expounded, should be prescribed
- Question IX. What [did] the leader Joshua [say] to the people?
- Question X. What [was] the cause of the sanctification proclaimed by Joshua?
- Question XI. What [did] Joshua [say] to the priests? and whether he could command them?
- Question XII. What [did] the Lord [say] to Joshua?
- Question XIII. What [did] the Lord [say] to the same Joshua, about the priests?
- Question XIV. What again [did] Joshua [say] to the people?
- Question XV. About the twelve men, and the dividing of the Jordan, what further [did] Joshua [say]?
Book II: The Second Part of the Chapter
- The Second Part of the Chapter (opening)
- Question I. How many, and which, priests carried the ark?
- Question II. In what manner did the same priests carry that ark?
- Question III. About the Jordan. Whence is it derived [traced]?
- Question IV. How far does the Jordan flow, and where does it end?
- Question V. How wide, and [how] deep, [is] the Jordan?
- Question VI. In what manner was the Jordan divided?
- Question VII. By what efficient cause was the Jordan divided?
- Question VIII. From that efficient cause, what came to be, by which the Jordan was divided?
- Question IX. The Jordan being divided, in what manner did that part of the waters behave, which [was] toward the source and the North?
- Question X. In what manner did the other part of the waters, [that] toward the South, behave?
- Question XI. Was the bottom of the divided Jordan dried up?
- Question XII. At what place did the Israelites cross the Jordan?
- Question XII bis. How much time did the Israelites consume in crossing that same Jordan?
Book II: Caput IV
Book II: Commentary
- Commentary (opening)
- Question I. About the 12 men taking up the 12 stones from the Jordan: were they now chosen for the first time? and from which tribes?
- Question II. How great, and of what sort, [were] those 12 stones?
- Question III. Whence, by what author, by whom, and why were those 12 stones taken up, and where are they today?
- Question IV. Where were the OTHER 12 stones set up in the Jordan, and were they brought into it from one or the other bank?
- Question V. How were those same 12 stones set up in the Jordan?
- Question VI. By whom were these other 12 stones erected, and how long did they so remain?
- Question VII. Are these the stones out of which St John the Baptist said the sons of Abraham could be raised up?
- Question VIII. How did the priests, holding the ark, stand in the middle of the Jordan?
- Question IX. How long did those same priests stand in the same Jordan?
Book II: On the Jordan's return to its former flow
- On the Jordan's return to its former flow (opening)
- Question I. How was the Jordan poured back into its former channel?
- Question II. In what year, month, [and] day did this marvellous crossing of the Israelites through the Jordan happen?
Book II: The Third Part of the Chapter
- The Third Part of the Chapter (opening)
- Question I. What does the crossing through the Jordan signify?
- Question II. What more does the same crossing signify?
- Question III. What other things are to be noted in the same crossing?
- Question IV. How is this dividing of the Jordan to be compared with [that of] the Gyndes, the Euphrates, the Pamphylian [sea], and the Red Sea — and with other divisions of the same Jordan too?
Book III: Altera Libri Pars, De Iis, Qvæ Post Iordanis Transitvm Accidervnt
- Altera Libri Pars, De Iis, Qvæ Post Iordanis Transitvm Accidervnt (opening)
- Question I. Why were there no enemies on the Canaan bank of the Jordan? (Cur in Chananaea Iordanis ripa hostes nulli fuerint?)
- Question II. Whether, after the crossing of the Jordan, they halted on its bank, and greeted the land? (An post Iordanis transitum, in eius ripa institerint, terramque salutarint Israelitae?)
- Question III. Whether they greeted God himself? (An Deum ipsum salutarint?)
- Question IV. How did they depart from the very bank of the crossing now made, and where did the Israelites pitch camp? (Quomodo ex ipsa facti iam transitus ripa discesserunt, et ubi castra metati Israelitae?)
- Question V. What things bearing on the practical use of the spiritual life can be gathered from these? (Quae ad practicum spiritualis vitae usum ex his colligi possint?)
- Question VI. When, where, and how were the stones which had been taken up from the Jordan set in place? (Quando, ubi, et quomodo, qui elati e Iordane fuerant lapides, collocati sint?)
- Question VII. To what end were the same stones set up? (Ad quid iidem statui lapides?)
- Question VIII. Whether it was lawful for Joshua to set up those stones? (An licuerit Iosuae istos lapides erigere?)
- Question IX. What did the same stones signify? (Quid iidem significarint lapides?)
Book III: De Iis, Qvæ Post Iordanis Transitvm Contigervnt
Book III: Caput V
Book III: Commentary
- Commentary (opening)
- Question I. In what sense is [it] here called the "second circumcision"? (Quaenam hic secunda circumcisio vocetur?)
- Question II. Whether circumcision was intermitted for the whole forty years in the wilderness? (An totos quadraginta in solitudine annos intermissa fuerit circumcisio?)
- Question III. What was the cause of that intermission? (Ecqua intermissionis eiusdem causa?)
- Question IV. Why were the Israelites circumcised at once after the crossing of the Jordan? (Cur post Iordanis transitum circumcisi statim Israelitae?)
- Question V. Who were circumcised in that iterated circumcision? (Quinam iterata ista circumcisione circumcisi?)
- Question VI. How many were circumcised? (Quotnam circumcisi fuerint?)
- Question VII. By whom were so many circumcised? (A quo tam multi circumcisi?)
- Question VIII. With what instrument were they circumcised? Namely, whether knives of stone? (Quo instrumento circumcisi? An cultri nimirum lapidei?)
- Question IX. When were they circumcised? (Quando circumcisi?)
- Question X. In what place were the Israelites then circumcised? (Quo in loco circumcisi tum Israelitae?)
- Question XI. What reproach of Egypt did the Lord now take away from the Israelites? (Quod Aegypti opprobrium, quod ab Israelitis nunc amouit Dominus?)
- Question XII. After the wound of circumcision, when did the circumcised recover [heal]? (E circumcisionis vulnere, quando conualuerunt circumcisi?)
- Question XIII. On which day of the circumcision do the circumcised feel more pain? And why? (In quoto circumcisionis die, doloris plus persentiscant circumcisi? Et cur?)
- Question XIV. How, mystically, is [this] made a "second circumcision"? (Quomodo mystice secunda fiat circumcisio?)
- Question XV. What other things pertain mystically to the iterated circumcision? (Quae ad iteratam circumcisionem mystice spectant alia?)
Book III: On the Passover Celebrated at Gilgal. (De Celebrato in Galgalis Paschate.)
- On the Passover Celebrated at Gilgal. (De Celebrato in Galgalis Paschate.) (opening)
- Question XVI. Whence [is] "Pascha," what does [it] signify, and how is [it] both translated and written? (Pascha unde, quid significet, quomodo et vertatur et scribatur?)
- Question XVII. What is it "to make [do] the phase, or pascha"? (Quidnam facere phase, seu pascha?)
- Question XVIII. For what end was the pascha instituted? (Quem ob finem pascha institutum?)
- Question XIX. What was the material of the Passover, or what animal was immolated? (Quae Paschatis materia, siue quod immolatum animal?)
- Question XX. How ought the paschal animal, or lamb, to have been affected [qualified]? (Qualiter affectum esse debuit paschale animal, siue agnus?)
- Question XXI. Why did the Lord will the paschal animal to be of such a kind? (Cur eiusmodi animal esse voluit pascha Dominus?)
- Question XXII. What is the formal and efficient cause of the same Passover? (Ecqua paschatis eiusdem causa formalis, et efficiens?)
- Question XXIII. Who ate the Passover? (Pascha qui ederunt?)
- Question XXIV. What is the manner of eating the Passover? (Quis edendi paschatis modus?)
- Question XXV. What was the place of the Passover? (Quis Paschatis locus?)
- Question XXVI. On the time of the Passover; and first, what was its year? (De Paschatis tempore, et primum, quis eius annus?)
- Question XXVII. In what month was the Passover to be kept? (Quis Paschati agendo mensis?)
- Question XXVIII. Was it lawful to keep the Passover in some other month? (Licueritne Pascha mense quopiam alio agere?)
- Question XXIX. What was the day for keeping the Passover? (Paschali agendo dies quis?)
- Question XXX. Was the Passover ever transferred to some other day? (Fuerit ne in alium quandoque diem traductum pascha?)
- Question XXXI. At what hour was the Passover to be immolated and eaten? (Qua immolandi, edendique Paschatis hora?)
- Question XXXII. As what number is this Passover — celebrated by Joshua and the Jews — to be reckoned? (Quotum hoc, quod à Iosue ac Iudaeis celebratum, pascha censendum?)
- Question XXXIII. Whether after this third Passover [its celebration] both was, and always would be, perpetuated? (An post tertium hoc Pascha et fuerit, et semper futura sit celebritatis eius perpetuatio?)
- Question XXXIV. Which [are] the unleavened breads, of which the text [speaks] (v. 11)? (Qui azymi panes, de quibus textus v. 11?)
- Question XXXV. When did the manna cease? (Quando cessavit manna?)
- Question XXXVI. Why did the manna then cease? (Cur tum cessavit manna?)
- Question XXXVII. Whether after this time the manna never fell [again]? (An post hoc tempus nunquam ceciderit manna?)
- Question XXXVIII. What does the paschal lamb signify? (Quid significet paschalis agnus?)
- Question XXXIX. How do the Jews keep [act] their Passover today? (Quomodo pascha suum hodie actitant Iudaei?)
Book III: De apparitione ipsi Iosuae facta (On the apparition made to Joshua himself)
- De apparitione ipsi Iosuae facta (On the apparition made to Joshua himself) (opening)
- Question XL. Who appeared to Joshua — who was he? (Qui Iosuae apparuit, quisnam fuit?)
- Question XLI. Which Angel [was it] that appeared to Joshua? Michael, or Gabriel? (Quisnam, qui Iosuae apparuit Angelus? Michael an Gabriel?)
- Question XLII. Who [is] the Michael who appeared to Joshua? Is [he] Christ the Lord himself? (Quis, qui Iosuae apparuit Michael? An ipsemet Christus Dominus?)
- Question XLIII. How may reply be made to the reasons which prove Michael [to be] Christ alone, and reasons be opposed to reasons? (Quomodo rationibus, quae Michaelem Christum solum probant, respondeatur, rationibusque rationes opponantur?)
- Question XLIV. Whether by other reasons also [it] can be proved that S. Michael is not Christ the Lord? (An & aliis rationibus probari possit, S. Michaelem non esse Christum Dominum?)
- Question XLV. Since S. Michael is not Christ, can [he] at least be reckoned the supreme of all the Angels? (Cùm S. Michael non sit Christus, possit ne saltem Angelorum omnium supremus existimari?)
- Question XLVI. When, & how, & in what form did S. Michael appear to Joshua?
- Question XLVII. Why did S. Michael appear to Joshua so armed, & martial [Martius]?
- Question XLVII. Where was Joshua then?
- Question XLVIII. What was Joshua doing there then?
- Question XLIX. What did Joshua do, [and] say, when the Angel appeared?
- Question L. What did the Angel say to Joshua himself?