Summary of the Whole Volume

First Title: On the First and Second Ages of the World

Chapter One

On the first parents, Adam and Eve, in the state of innocence, and on their fall, upon the words, “Man, when he was in honor,” etc. It begins, “Man, when he was in honor,” etc. Folio 1.

On the excellence of the first parents with respect to sanctifying grace. Folio 1.

On his honor or excellence with respect to general justice. Folio 1.

On his excellence with respect to his knowledge in knowing God, the angels, and the other creatures. Folio 1.

On their excellence with respect to the immortality of the body, namely, the inability to die. Folio 2.

On their excellence with respect to impassibility, and how passions existed in them. Folio 2.

On their manner of generation in such a state. Folio 2.

On the pleasantness of the place of paradise in which he was placed. Folio 2.

On his excellence with respect to dominion over creatures. Folio 2.

On the manner of meriting in that state. Folio 3.

On the conditions of those begotten in such a state of innocence. Folio 3.

On their state in sin, which is indicated there by “he did not understand,” and is expounded in many ways. Folio 3.

On the manifold misery that he incurred from sin, in the words, “he was compared to beasts.” Folio 4.

On earthly paradise, which signifies the Church; on the fourfold river of paradise; and on what the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil signify. Folio 4.

How, when the root of the human race—that is, the first parents—had been corrupted, original sin is transmitted to their descendants; and how at different times it is cleansed through different sacraments. Folio 5.

That the sleep of Adam in paradise signifies the Passion of Christ. Folio 5.

On the difference between the Hebrews and the seventy-two translators in the computation of the years of the first and second ages, and whence this arose. Folio 5.

That, according to the seventy-two translators, after five thousand one hundred and ninety-nine years from the creation of the world, on the same day—namely, Friday—and in the same month—namely, March—and at the same hour—namely, the sixth—at which the first man sinned, Christ was fixed to the cross, making satisfaction for that sin itself. Also on Cain and Abel, the first sons, and the killing of Abel by Cain. Folio 5.

On the descendants of Seth and Cain and their different occupations. Folio 6.

Chapter Two: On the Second Age of the World, Which Began with Noah

How God commanded Noah to build the ark; on its form and measurement, those to be brought into it, and the flood that covered the whole earth. It begins, “The second age.” Folio 6.

On the Lord’s saying, “My spirit shall not remain in man, because he is flesh”; and that this is the difference between the society of the elect and that of the reprobate: the wicked live according to the flesh, that is, according to their own will not subjected to God, but the elect according to the spirit, that is, according to reason subjected to the law of God. Folio 6.

That the ark made by Noah signifies the Church with respect to its material, form, measurement, and the things contained in it, and also Christ its head. Folio 7.

On the monstrous races of men of which the histories of the gentiles tell. Folio 7.

On Noah’s intoxication from wine, the mockery directed against him, and Ham, on account of which he was cursed; and what this signifies spiritually. Folio 7.

Chapter Three

On the descendants of Noah’s sons, namely Shem, Ham, and Japheth; and that when they wished to build a tower reaching to heaven, God confounded their tongues, dividing the one tongue into seventy-two different languages. It begins, “From the descendants.” Folio 8.

That the sons of Shem are said to have obtained Asia, the sons of Ham Africa, and the sons of Japheth Europe. Folio 8.

On Asia: whence it is so called; on its provinces and names; and whence they had their origin. Folio 8.

On the second part of the world, namely Europe; on its provinces and names and their derivations; and there also on Italy and its cities. Folio 8, at the end.

On the third part of the world, namely Africa, and on its provinces and names. Folio 9.

On the islands of the sea and their names. Folio 9.

On the genealogy of those descending from Shem, the son of Noah, down to the third age of the world, namely Abraham. Folio 9, at the end.

That under Reu the kingdom of the Scythians and the kingdom of the Egyptians arose; and that under Nahor two kingdoms arose, namely those of the Assyrians and the Sicyonians. Folio 10.

That idolatry had its origin from Ninus, king of Nineveh; that the first idol was called Belus, who was the father of Ninus; and that afterward different nations imposed different names upon their idols. Folio 10.

Second Title: On the Third Age of the World, Which Begins with Abraham

Chapter One

It begins, “Because in Abraham.” Folio 10.

On the commendation of Abraham, who is called the father of the faithful; how and in what things the faithful ought to imitate him, which is figured in Abraham’s own sacrifice of a three-year-old cow, goat, and ram, a turtledove, and a dove, concerning which see Genesis 14. Folio 10.

On Abraham’s departure from his land at the Lord’s command, his arrival in the land of Canaan, his descent into Egypt because of famine, his return to Canaan, and his separation from Lot. Folio 11.

That, when Abraham returned from the slaughter of the four kings, Melchizedek met him, offering bread and wine; and on the sacrifice Abraham made to God, namely a cow, a goat, and a ram, a turtledove, and a dove. Folio 11.

That Abraham had a son by Hagar, namely Ishmael, from whom the Saracens descended; and how it was permitted to him and the other ancient patriarchs to have several wives. Folio 11.

That Abraham was given the commandment concerning the circumcision of males descending from his stock; that he received three angels as guests for a meal, who announced to him that a son would be born and that Sodom would be overthrown; on the overthrow of Sodom with four other cities by fire and sulfur; and on the escape of Lot, who afterward had sons by his daughters. Folios 11 and 12.

On the birth of Isaac and Ishmael’s play with Isaac, on account of which he was cast out of the house with his mother Hagar. Folio 12.

That at the Lord’s command Abraham wished to sacrifice his son Isaac; and that Abraham bought a field from Ephron, in which there was a cave for burying his wife Sarah. Folio 12.

How Abraham sent his steward Eliezer to obtain a bride for his son Isaac; how he betrothed Rebecca to him; and on Abraham’s own death. Folio 12.

On Rebecca’s conceiving by Isaac, namely Esau and Jacob; on their birth; on the sale of the birthright, which Esau made to Jacob for a dish of lentils; on Isaac’s own descent into Egypt, where he took his wife, whom he said was his sister; on the wells dug by him; and on Jacob’s obtaining Isaac’s blessing under the name of Esau. Folio 12.

Chapter Two: On the Deeds of Jacob

That, in order to avoid the anger of his brother Esau, Jacob went into Mesopotamia; and on that very journey, namely at Bethel, he saw in a dream a ladder reaching to heaven. It begins, “The deeds of Jacob.” Folio 13.

That when Jacob came into Mesopotamia, he took as his bride Rachel, Laban’s daughter, for whom he served Laban seven years in keeping the sheep, and another seven years for her sister Leah. From Leah he received four sons; then two others from Bilhah, Rachel’s maidservant; and likewise two others from Zilpah, Leah’s maidservant. Afterward, from Leah herself he had Issachar and Zebulun and one female, namely Dinah; and finally from Rachel he had Joseph. Folio 13.

That Jacob departed secretly from Laban with his wives and sons; Laban himself pursued him with his own people; Jacob encountered angels of God on the journey; and he sent messengers ahead with gifts to reconcile his brother Esau to himself, and finally, when they met one another, they were reconciled. Folio 13.

That Dinah, Jacob’s daughter, was violated by force by Shechem, lord of the city; in vengeance for this Jacob’s sons killed him together with all the circumcised males. At last they came to their father Isaac, and finding him dead, buried him. There also is an account of the generations descending from Esau. Folio 13, at the end.

Chapter Three: On the Deeds of Joseph, Son of Jacob

That, when Joseph told his dream to his brothers concerning the sheaves and the sun, moon, and stars adoring him, he was hated by his brothers; and when sent by his father to visit his brothers, he was sold by them to Midianites passing that way. He was finally sold in Egypt to Potiphar, master of Pharaoh’s soldiery. There also is the account of Judah, Jacob’s son, and how he had sons by his daughter-in-law Tamar, namely Perez and Zerah. It begins, “On the deeds.” Folio 14.

That Joseph was made steward by his master over all that he possessed; and because he refused to consent to his master’s wife in adultery, he was accused by her and imprisoned by his master. While held in prison, he interpreted the dreams of Pharaoh’s cupbearer and baker, foretelling what befell them. Folio 14.

On Pharaoh’s dream of the seven cattle and seven ears of grain, which Joseph interpreted as seven years of fertility followed by years of barrenness; and how he was commended and exalted and made, as it were, lord of Egypt. Folio 14.

That when the years of barrenness came, Joseph’s brothers were sent by their father to obtain grain in Egypt. He recognized them but was not recognized by them. Speaking rather harshly to them, he granted them grain on the condition that on another occasion they bring with them their youngest brother, whom they had said they had, namely Benjamin; meanwhile he retained Simeon as a captive. When the grain they had carried away was consumed, compelled by the necessity of famine they returned to Egypt with their brother Benjamin. Joseph feasted them courteously and magnificently, and sent them away with grain, his cup having been secretly placed in Benjamin’s sack. He then caused them to be pursued as they departed; and when the cup was sought and found as though stolen, he compelled them to return to Joseph. Folio 14.

That at last Joseph himself, with tears, revealed that he was the very man whom they had sold. He comforted them so that they would not fear, but would return to their father and announce his condition, and that he should descend into Egypt with his whole household to be supported by him, since five years of famine still remained. Folio 14, at the end and the following folio.

That Jacob rejoiced greatly when he heard of the glory of his son Joseph; and descending into Egypt with his whole household and being presented to Pharaoh, he said when asked that he was one hundred and thirty years old. He was settled in Goshen with his whole household and received provisions from Joseph. Also, while the famine continued, the Egyptians, in order to obtain wheat, offered all their money, then their cattle, and finally their lands, except the priestly land. Folio 15.

That when Jacob was sick, Joseph visited him; and Jacob adopted Joseph’s two sons, namely Manasseh and Ephraim, as his own sons and wished them to be heads of two tribes. Blessing them with his hands crossed, he placed his right hand upon the head of the younger and his left upon the other. Finally, when his twelve sons had gathered, Jacob blessed them and foretold to each what would befall them in the last times; there also is the notable prophecy concerning the coming of the Messiah. As he was dying he commanded that his body be buried in Hebron. Folio 15.

That after much mourning Joseph and his brothers carried him there, namely into Canaan, for burial. His brothers, fearing that Joseph might avenge upon them the injury of his sale, asked on their father’s behalf that he forgive them that offense. Receiving them kindly with tears and freely granting pardon, he reassured them. Finally, he died in the one hundred and twentieth year of his life. Folio 15.

That Joseph was prince of Egypt under five kings, and that after Joseph died under the fifth, that Pharaoh who was called Mephres began maliciously to afflict the Hebrews; then began the servitude of the people of Israel in Egypt. Also, how Pharaoh afflicted that people in many ways. Folio 15.

Chapter Four: On Moses and His Deeds, in Which the Book of Exodus Begins

That, after Pharaoh issued an edict for the drowning of the males in the river, Moses at his birth was exposed upon the river in a little basket; and when he was taken up by Pharaoh’s daughter, he was adopted by her as a son. There also is the account of how, when he was received as an infant in Pharaoh’s arms, he threw Pharaoh’s crown to the ground. When he became a young man and leader of the army of the Egyptians, he defeated the Ethiopians and took as wife an Ethiopian woman, the king’s daughter, whom he afterward dismissed. It begins, “Moses.” Folio 15.

That Moses then went out to see the Hebrews in Goshen, and perceiving an Egyptian injuring a certain Hebrew, killed him. On another occasion, when he rebuked a Hebrew who was injuring another, that man complained, disclosing the homicide committed by Moses. For this reason Moses fled in fear into Midian, where he took as his wife Zipporah, daughter of Jethro the priest, by whom he had two sons, namely Gershom and Eliezer. While he was leading the flock of his father-in-law Jethro into the interior of the desert, he saw from afar a bush burning and not consumed. When he approached the place of the bush, the Lord spoke to him from there, signifying the liberation of Israel from Egypt; when the children of Israel departed from it, they carried away with them the vessels of gold and silver lent to them by the Egyptians. When Moses asked the name of the one sending him, He answered, “I am who am.” He also gave a threefold sign so that the children of Israel might believe him: the rod changed into a serpent and back again; his hand made leprous and cleansed; and the water of the river changed into blood. When Moses excused himself because his tongue was rather impeded, He gave him his brother Aaron as companion, to speak for him. Therefore, as Moses went into Egypt with his wife and sons, an angel wished to kill him because of the uncircumcision of his sons; therefore he circumcised them. Folio 15.

Moses and Aaron entered before Pharaoh and commanded him on God’s behalf to release the people of Israel so that they might sacrifice to Him. He did not listen to them, but burdened Israel still more, not giving them straw for baking bricks as before. Thereafter Moses with Aaron sought a sign before Pharaoh for the release of the people, namely his rod changed into a serpent; Pharaoh’s magicians did similar things by incantations. He also changed the water into blood, which was likewise done by the magicians. Innumerable frogs then came down throughout all Egypt, ranging through houses and beds; and the like was done by the magicians.

When Pharaoh promised to release the people if the frogs were removed, his heart was hardened after they had been removed, and he refused to release them. Afterward, when the dust of the earth was struck with the rod, innumerable gnats arose, which the magicians were unable to do. Then God sent a plague of flies that filled Egypt; afterward hail with thunder and lightning; afterward locusts and bruchus insects; then palpable darkness; and finally the death of all the firstborn of Egypt. Folio 16.

On the passage of the children of Israel through the Red Sea, in which Pharaoh, pursuing them with his armies, was drowned; on account of this the people of Israel gave thanks to the Lord, singing the words, “Let us sing to the Lord,” etc. Then they came to Marah, where they found bitter waters, which were sweetened when wood was cast into them. Folio 16.

Thereafter they came to Elim and murmured, desiring to eat meat; God gave them quail. Moreover, He rained manna for them from heaven for forty years. Advancing into the desert of Sin, they murmured because of the lack of water, but when the rock was struck by Moses’s rod, waters flowed abundantly. When the Amalekites made war against them and Joshua, Moses’s disciple, fought them, Moses defeated them by raising his hands to the Lord in prayer. Jethro, Moses’s father-in-law, also visited him and brought his wife and sons to him; he was graciously received by them and advised Moses to appoint different officials to lighten his labor. At last they came to Mount Sinai, upon which, when the Lord descended, the mountain began to smoke, lightning to appear, and thunder to be heard. Moses ascended it to receive the Law. Folio 16.

How the Lord gave His people the Law on Mount Sinai through Moses, distinguished into three kinds of precepts—namely moral, judicial, and ceremonial—and in what they consist. Folio 16.

On the construction of the Ark of the Covenant and the tabernacle and its arrangement; on the altar of burnt offerings; on the garments of the priests and ministers of the tabernacle; on the sacrifices made in the consecration of Aaron and his sons; and on the altar of incense and the bronze basin in which the priests washed themselves. Folios 16 and 17.

That while Moses remained on the mountain to receive the Law, the people made a golden calf for themselves and adored it as God. On this account, when the Lord wished to destroy that people, He was appeased when Moses prayed for them. When Moses descended from the mountain to the people, he with the Levites killed twenty-three thousand of the idolaters. Also on the familiarity that Moses had with the Lord and the vision of Him. And because Moses, in anger arising from zeal, had broken the stone tablets on which God had engraved the Ten Commandments on the mountain, he made two other tablets, ascended the mountain, and again received the law of the Decalogue, remaining there forty days without food or drink. Folio 17.

That when the people offered gifts—gold and silver and whatever else—the tabernacle with all its appurtenances was constructed by Bezalel and Oholiab; and fire descended from heaven upon the prepared animal sacrifices to consume them, and it was never extinguished down to the time of the Maccabees. All the foregoing is in the Book of Exodus. Folio 16.

On the Ten Commandments, with a brief exposition of them according to what is contained in the Decrees. Folios 17 and 18.

Throughout the Book of Leviticus there is an account of the ceremonial precepts, especially the various animal sacrifices; the foods to be distinguished, from which they had to abstain as unclean; the sacrifice of a woman after childbirth; the manifold leprosy to be discerned by the priests; the sacrifice to be offered by one cleansed of leprosy; the sacrifice of the two goats and of the red heifer at the Feast of Atonement; the degrees of consanguinity and affinity in contracting marriage; the solemn observances to be kept by them, namely Passover, Pentecost, and the Feast of Tabernacles; the observance of the jubilee; the obligation of vows and oaths; certain moral precepts; and the death of Nadab and Abihu, sons of Aaron, because they put strange fire—that is, fire not taken from the altar—into their censers. Folio 18 at the end and folio 19 at the beginning.

In the Book of Numbers it is related that the Lord caused all the males twenty years old and above who were fit for war to be numbered, and six hundred thousand five hundred and fifty were found, excluding the tribe of Levi, in which there were twenty-two thousand; and twelve princes of the tribes were designated. The Lord gave the order in which the Levites were to encamp all around the tabernacle, and then the people around the Levites, on every side—namely east, west, south, and north—and specified which of the Levites were to carry the furnishings of the tabernacle. It treats of the sacrifice of jealousy; the vow of the Nazirites; the offering made by the twelve princes of the tribes on the day the tabernacle was erected; the lamps of the lampstand; the two silver trumpets made for different uses; the seventy elders chosen to assist Moses; and the fire that descended from heaven and consumed many of those who murmured while desiring the foods of Egypt. It also relates that Miriam, Aaron’s sister, murmured against Moses, was made leprous, and after eight days was cleansed by God. When they advanced from Paran into Kadesh-barnea, twelve spies—one from each tribe—were sent to examine the land of promise. Returning after forty days, they reported to the people that the land was excellent but impregnable and could not be obtained by them, except for two of those twelve spies, Caleb and Joshua, who comforted and encouraged the people to go and take it. At this the people murmured, as though it were impossible to obtain. On account of the fault of this murmuring, the Lord commanded that they wander through the desert for forty years before entering that land of promise, and that all who had been numbered above should die in the desert, except Caleb and Joshua. Folio 19.

On the sedition of Dathan and Abiram against the leadership of Moses, whom the earth swallowed; the murmuring of Korah with two hundred and fifty Levites against the priesthood of Aaron, whom fire going forth from the Lord consumed; and the murmuring of the people against Moses and Aaron because of the death of the foregoing, on account of which fire consumed many of the people. But when Aaron, holding a censer and offering incense among them, intervened, the plague ceased. To quiet the murmuring of the people, the twelve princes of the tribes brought their rods to Moses at the Lord’s command. When these were placed with Aaron’s rod in the tabernacle, Aaron’s rod alone was found to have budded and produced flowers and fruit, as a sign of Aaron’s legitimate priesthood. Folio 19.

On the tithes and first fruits to be given to the Levites; the portions they were to have from the sacrifices; and the tithe of the tithe to be given to the high priest. On the sacrifice of the red heifer that was to be burned, from whose ashes the water of expiation was made; the death of Miriam, Aaron’s sister; the lack of water at Horeb and the murmuring of the people, on account of which Moses and Aaron, disturbed and made distrustful concerning the Lord’s promise, were commanded to strike the rock with the rod so that water would come forth; and how both were punished for this by being deprived of entry into the land of promise. On Aaron’s death, in whose place his son Eleazar was made high priest. On the victory won against Sihon, king of the Amorites, and Og, king of Bashan, who came against him in war to impede him. Moreover, on the murmuring of the people because of the labor and weariness of the journey, on account of which many wounded by serpents perished, but afterward those who were wounded were healed at the sight of the bronze serpent. Folio 19.

That when the people of Israel encamped on the plains of Moab, the king of the Moabites sent for Balaam the soothsayer to come to him and curse the people of Israel. While Balaam was traveling on the road, the she-ass upon which he sat spoke. When he came to the king of the Moabites and intended to curse the people of Israel, he instead blessed them, by the Lord’s ordering. He did this three times in different places from which he could see the people of Israel; and among other things, he also prophesied more exaltedly concerning Christ. When the children of Israel fornicated with the Moabites and adored their idols, twenty-three thousand of Israel were killed, and the Lord commanded that the twelve princes of the tribes be hanged. Phinehas, in zeal, pierced through both an Israelite who was fornicating and the Midianite woman with him, and appeased the Lord’s anger. Again the Lord commanded that all males from twenty years old and above be numbered, and six hundred and one thousand seven hundred and thirty were found who had not been numbered at the departure from Egypt, because all those former men had died in the desert, except Joshua and Caleb. When the five daughters of Zelophehad—who had been stoned because he had been found gathering wood on the Sabbath—sought their father’s inheritance, the Lord commanded it to be given to them, establishing a rule for the order of succession to an inheritance when someone died without a male heir. On the death of Moses and the appointment of Joshua as leader in his place; the sacrifices to be offered and their observances; the daily burnt offerings and those at the kalends and their solemnities; the vows and oaths of men and women, whether they are in their parents’ house, married, or widowed. That when they went out to war against the Midianites or Moabites, they killed everyone except the virgins, and with them Balaam the soothsayer. That the tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and half the tribe of Manasseh asked to be given as a possession the lands acquired around the Jordan; Moses did this, yet on the condition that they go to war with the others until they possessed the land of promise. On the forty stations made in the desert over forty years; the boundaries of the land of promise that they were to possess and those who were to divide it; the cities, towns, and suburbs to be given to the Levites; the three cities of refuge; and marriage not to be contracted except with those who were of the same tribe. Folio 19.

[Running head: Third Title]

The Book of Deuteronomy, which is the fifth in the Pentateuch, is called the Second Law because it is a repetition of the foregoing law, but with many additions and explanations concerning the moral, judicial, and ceremonial precepts. It also contains Moses’s ordinance that six of the tribes should ascend Mount Gerizim, where the Levites, crying aloud, should call down the many curses contained there upon transgressors of the Law; and, conversely, that the other six tribes should ascend Mount Ebal, where the Levites, crying aloud, should call down the many blessings contained there upon observers of the Law. There also is contained the canticle of Moses, “Hear, O heavens”; how Moses gave a blessing to each of the tribes; and how, when he ascended Mount Nebo and the land of promise had been shown to him, he was gathered to his fathers, and his tomb was not found. Folio 20.

On certain other deeds among other nations; that in the time of Moses there was the first Hercules; and that Deucalion began to reign, in whose time the second flood occurred in Thessaly. Folio 20.

Chapter Five: Deeds Among the People of Israel under the Leadership of Joshua and in the Time of the Judges, Together with Certain Other Matters Concerning Other Nations

First, how Joshua himself was appointed leader of the people and strengthened by the Lord to bring the people into the land of promise, and was exhorted to follow in Moses’s footsteps. It begins in the Book of Joshua. Folio 20.

That Joshua sent spies to explore Jericho; Rahab received them in her house, hid them, and secretly sent them away. That the people of Israel crossed the Jordan, a way being miraculously made for them through it. That at Gilgal the circumcision was performed upon those who had been born in the desert; and after Passover was celebrated, they ate of the produce of the land and the manna ceased. That Joshua saw an angel with drawn sword coming to the aid of the people. That when they had gone around the city of Jericho for seven days with trumpets sounding, and seven times on the seventh day, the walls fell utterly; entering, they killed everyone except Rahab and her people. That when they went out to battle against Ai, they were put to flight and some were killed; this was because of Achan’s theft, and when he was discovered he was stoned. That they took Ai through an ambush, pretending to flee. Folio 20.

On the Gibeonites: how they deceived Joshua and the other elders, pretending that they came from distant regions to enter a covenant of peace with them. When they had obtained this, confirmed by an oath, their pious deception was discovered—namely, that they had done it to escape death. Because of the oath made to them, the Israelites spared them, though they subjected them to a certain servitude. That five kings came against the Gibeonites because of the covenant made with Israel; when Joshua was summoned by those Gibeonites, he fought against those kings. When the sun was approaching its setting, at Joshua’s prayer the sun was fixed in the sky until he hanged those captured kings upon something. Folio 20.

That Joshua captured many cities and killed their nations and kings in the land of Canaan promised to them, giving their places over to fire. That he fought and killed thirty-one kings who reigned there in different places, seizing their cities. That Joshua and Eleazar the high priest, with the twelve princes of the tribes, divided the land of promise among the nine tribes of Israel and the half-tribe of Manasseh, assigning to each its share of cities and places. That Achsah, Caleb’s daughter, received from her father the upper and lower well-watered land. Then the cities of refuge were designated, to which someone who had killed another by accident and without guile could flee. Cities with their suburbs, but no other possessions, were assigned to the Levites, because they were to receive tithes, first fruits, and offerings from the people. That the two and a half tribes which had already received a possession from Moses beyond the Jordan were permitted by Joshua to return to their possession; they also made an altar of wondrous size beside the Jordan as a sign that they were of the people of Israel. That when Joshua had grown old, he gathered the people and encouraged them to observe the Law. After ruling the people for twenty-six years, he died. Folio 20.

That after the deaths of Moses and Joshua, leaders succeeded among the people of Israel who were called judges. They did not rule as lords, but in their tribulations the people made use of their counsel and prudence, as is evident throughout the Book of Judges, from which the matters that follow are taken. There also are accounts of certain singular men of other nations. Folio 20.

The first of the judges named in that book is Othniel, Caleb’s brother. Before him, however, the story is told of King Adoni-bezek, who, when captured by the children of Israel and the extremities of his hands and feet had been cut off, said that this had been justly done to him, because he himself had held seventy captured kings beneath his table after cutting off the extremities of their hands and feet. That an angel appeared to the people of Israel, rebuked them for transgressing the Law, on account of which they were afflicted by neighboring nations, and brought them to weeping and penitence. That the aforesaid Othniel freed them from the hand of Cushan-rishathaim, king of Mesopotamia, whom they had served for eight years. That after they were delivered because of their sins into the hands of Eglon, king of the Moabites, and into the hands of the Ammonites for eighteen years, they cried to the Lord, who freed them by the hand of Ehud, who killed that king. That Shamgar, the third judge, killed six hundred of the Philistines. That when they returned to their former evils and were delivered into the hands of Jabin, king of Canaan, whose commander of the army was Sisera, God freed them by the hand of Barak and Deborah the prophetess, Sisera himself being killed while he slept by the woman Jael. There also is Deborah’s canticle. Folio 20.

On Gideon the judge, who freed Israel from the hands of the Midianites, whom they had served for seven years while afflicted by them because of their sins; and on the marvelous victory he had with only three hundred men, with trumpets sounding, earthen vessels being broken against one another, and lamps being kindled, one hundred and twenty thousand of the enemy being killed by them. Also on Abimelech, Gideon’s illegitimate son, who caused his seventy legitimate brothers to be killed by the men of Shechem so that he alone might rule them, and who at last was killed by a woman with a fragment of a millstone. Folio 21.

On Jephthah, the son of a harlot and a judge, who freed the people from the Ammonites and killed his virgin daughter as he had vowed in order to obtain victory; and on the contention and strife between Ephraim and the Gileadites, from which forty-two thousand Ephraimites were killed. Folio 21.

On Samson, judge of Israel, who freed them from the Philistines by causing their crops to be burned by foxes sent among them with fire at their tails; who also killed a thousand of them with an ass’s jawbone; and who, after his head had been shaved and his strength thereby lost, was captured and blinded by the Philistines, yet in the ruin of the temple that he caused, while killing himself, he killed very many. Folio 21.

[Leaf 4]

On Micah, who made an idol at his mother’s insistence and caused a Levite to serve it; at last, certain men from the tribe of Dan who lodged there took the idol away for themselves together with the Levite. Folio 21.

On the adultery perpetrated at Gibeah against a Levite’s wife, on account of which the eleven tribes, gathered against the tribe of Benjamin to avenge the crime, were twice defeated in battle; finally, however, they destroyed the tribe of Benjamin, killing twenty-five thousand of them and burning their cities. Folio 21.

On Ruth the Moabitess and her mother-in-law Naomi; Boaz took Ruth as his wife, as is related throughout the Book of Ruth. Folio 21.

On the war of the Greeks against the Trojans and the destruction of Troy because of the abduction of Helen, wife of Menelaus, by Paris, son of Priam, in the time of the judge Jephthah discussed above; on the companions of Ulysses changed into beasts by magic art; and on those reigning among the Latins. Folios 21 and 22.

Chapter Six: On the History of the Book of Kings

First, on Elkanah, who had two wives, one of whom, namely Hannah, was barren. Conceiving a son, Samuel, by reason of a vow, she offered him in the temple to serve there and made the canticle, “My heart has rejoiced,” etc. Also on the sons of Eli, given over to gluttony and wantonness; on the rebuke made to Eli by a prophet and afterward by Samuel because of his negligence in correcting his sons. It begins, “Returning to sacred history.” Folio 22.

On the war begun by the Philistines against Israel, in which, after Eli’s sons were killed and the people of Israel defeated, the Ark of the Lord was captured by the Philistines; and how, wherever it was brought among their cities, it brought upon them a plague of ulcers in their buttocks, on account of which they sent it back to Israel. Folio 22.

On the victory won by the people of Israel against the Philistines through the prayer of Samuel, who was the last of Israel’s judges. When he had grown old, he appointed his sons to judge in his place, but because they judged perversely through avarice, the people asked Samuel to appoint a king for them. Folio 22.

On Saul, to whom, while he was searching for his father’s asses, Samuel foretold that he would be king, giving him several signs of this. This also came to pass, although Saul hid himself to avoid it. Afterward he went to war against the Ammonites and defeated them. Folio 22.

On Samuel the prophet, who declared to the people his innocence in judging and rebuked them for having made a king for themselves; and who thereafter rebuked King Saul because he had not obeyed his ordinance, on account of which he would be deprived of the kingdom. Also on the victory won by Jonathan, Saul’s son, against the Philistines. Folio 22, near the end.

On Saul’s going at God’s command against the Amalekites to destroy them together with their king. Because he did not fulfill this entirely, Samuel rebuked him and announced that his kingdom was given to another. Also on Samuel’s being sent by the Lord to anoint David as king, which he did. Folio 23.

On the killing of the giant Goliath by the young David with a stone cast into his forehead; and on the celebration held for this victory, when choirs of maidens came to meet him singing, “Saul has struck down a thousand, and David ten thousand,” etc. Provoked to envy by this praise, Saul sought David’s death, and for this reason gave him his daughter Michal as wife. Also how many times and in different ways he sought to capture and kill him, but Jonathan, Saul’s son, who loved David greatly, disclosed his father’s malice to him. Folio 23.

On David, who asked for and received the bread of the Presence to eat from Ahimelech the priest, together with Goliath’s sword; and who pretended to be a fool before the king of Gath. Also on Saul, who caused Ahimelech to be killed with eighty-five priests because he had given bread to David; and on Saul himself, who went with many men first into Keilah, then into the desert of Maon, and thereafter into Engedi, so as to capture and kill David. Folio 23.

On Samuel’s death and on Abigail, Nabal’s wife, who by her words and gifts reconciled David, when he was ready to kill Nabal because of the insult offered to his men. Also on David himself entering Saul’s tent with a companion while Saul slept: he took Saul’s spear and cup but did him no injury at all, although Saul himself had gone out to kill him. On David’s going to dwell with Achish, king of Gath, and also making slaughters among the Philistines. Folio 23.

On the war begun by the Philistines against Israel; and on Saul’s consulting a pythoness so that she might raise Samuel. In this battle, because David was with the Philistines and they did not trust him, he was sent back to his own place. Returning to Ziklag and finding that the Amalekites had taken his wives and sons, those of his companions, and their property, he went against them, defeated them, and recovered everything. In the battle with the Philistines itself, Saul was wounded and killed himself; his sons also were killed, and his army was defeated by the Philistines. Folio 23.

On the poet Homer, who flourished in those times; and on two kingdoms that had their beginning, namely those of the Lacedaemonians and the Corinthians. Folio 23.

Third Title: On the Fourth Age of the World, Which Begins with David

It begins, “The fourth age.” Beyond those matters concerning David that were related from the First Book of Kings, the entire Second Book treats of his deeds. First, that upon hearing of Saul’s death he mourned and fasted with his men, and caused the messenger who had finished killing Saul to be put to death. That thereafter, ascending to Hebron, he was anointed king over the tribe of Judah, while Ish-bosheth, Saul’s son, reigned over the eleven tribes; and on the war between David’s people, whose commander was Joab, and Ish-bosheth’s army, whose commander was Abner. Folio 23, at the end.

On the long contest between the house of Saul and the house of David; the treacherous killing of Abner; and King Ish-bosheth’s own killing as he slept by two men who reported the deed to David and were themselves put to death by him. Folio 24.

On David’s third anointing as king over all Israel; his capture of Jerusalem; his wives and sons; and the victory won against the Philistines. On his bringing the Ark back into Jerusalem with great solemnity, when Uzzah was struck and died while holding the Ark as it tilted because the oxen stumbled. And that David’s wife Michal, seeing him dance before the Ark, despised him. Also on the order David gave to the Levites in serving the tabernacle in the divine praises. When he wished to build a temple, the Lord forbade him through Nathan the prophet, declaring that his son would do so, and confirming his kingdom. Folio 24.

On David’s going out to battle: he defeated the Philistines, Moabites, Ammonites, and Edomites, and made Syria tributary, while administering justice to all. He also made Mephibosheth, Jonathan’s lame son, his table-companion and caused Saul’s possessions to be restored to him. Folio 24.

That David sent ambassadors to Hanun, king of the Ammonites, to console him upon the death of his father, David’s friend. Because Hanun dishonored them by cutting their garments up to the buttocks, David made war against him. Also on the adultery David perpetrated with Bathsheba; he sent Uriah to be killed while Joab, commander of his army, was besieging the city of the Ammonites. Rebuked by Nathan concerning this under a parable, David confessed his sin and received pardon, but the son conceived through the adultery died. Finally, when the city of the Ammonites was captured, very many were killed. Folio 24.

On Amnon, David’s firstborn, who violated his sister Tamar, on account of which her brother Absalom killed him at a banquet. For this Absalom was sent into exile by his father, but through Joab’s entreaties and the speech of the woman of Tekoa, David reconciled him to himself. Folio 24.

On Absalom, David’s son, most beautiful in body but most ambitious: after making a conspiracy against his father David, he took away his kingdom and sought his death by Ahithophel’s counsel. Finally, when David’s army engaged Absalom’s army in battle, Absalom’s army was put to flight. As Absalom himself fled, he remained hanging by his hair in the branches of an oak and was killed by Joab. David mourned this deed most bitterly. Folio 24.

On David himself being restored to the kingdom and forgiving injuries. Amasa, however, who had been commander of Absalom’s army, was treacherously killed by Joab against David’s will. When a contention arose between the tribe of Judah and the other tribes, and a most wicked man named Sheba caused Israel to separate from Judah, he fled into Abel, where he was beheaded, and the sedition was quieted. Folio 24.

On the famine that arose in Israel for three years because Saul had caused the Gibeonites to be killed contrary to the oath given to them by Joshua. It could not cease unless satisfaction were made for the injury done them, and this was accomplished by delivering descendants of Saul into the hands of the Gibeonites, who crucified them, Mephibosheth excepted. Folio 24.

On the thirty-seven mightiest men at arms who were with David; and on the pestilence infecting the people, from which seventy thousand died, because the people had been numbered at David’s command so that he might glory in their multitude. Also on David’s preparation of material for the construction of the temple and on the ordering of the singers and the other ministers of the temple. Folio 24.

Chapter Two: On the Deeds of Solomon

First, how at the exhortation of Bathsheba and Nathan the prophet, Solomon was declared by David to be king over Israel and was anointed by Zadok, while his brother Adonijah, who sought to succeed to the kingdom, was rejected. It begins, “On the reign of Solomon.” Folio 25.

On the admonitions David made to Solomon at the end of his life; the killing of Adonijah at Solomon’s command because he asked that Abishag be given to him as wife; and the killing of Joab and also of Shimei. On the prayer Solomon made after many sacrifices, in which he asked for wisdom to rule the people; and on the first judgment he made between two harlots contending over a son. Folio 25.

On the glory of Solomon, his princes, the magnificent provision of his court, and his wisdom. Folio 25.

On the marvelous temple built by Solomon in Jerusalem and the parts of the building itself. Folio 25.

On the bringing of the Ark into the Holy of Holies in the completed temple; the dedication of the temple; and Solomon’s prayer for those praying in it for different causes to be heard, concerning which it was revealed to him that he had been heard. Folio 26.

On the queen of Sheba, who came from the ends of the earth to hear Solomon’s wisdom, was exceedingly astonished, and commended it wonderfully. Also on Solomon’s ivory throne, the amount of his revenues, and the abundance of horses. Folio 26.

On his wantonness in having very many wives and concubines, including foreign women, on account of which God stirred up wars against him in his old age; and whether Solomon is saved or condemned. Folio 26.

Chapter Three: On the Other Kings Who Reigned after Solomon in Judah and Israel

When the kingdom over all Israel was received by Rehoboam, Solomon’s son, because he answered more harshly when the people of Israel asked that his father’s burdens be lightened, a schism resulted from the division of the one kingdom into two: Rehoboam reigned over Judah and Benjamin, and Jeroboam over the rest of Israel, that is, the ten tribes. It begins, “In the twelfth.” Folio 26.

On a prophet sent by God from Judah into Samaria to rebuke Jeroboam, king of Israel, because he had made golden calves for the people to adore. After rebuking Jeroboam, because that prophet ate there contrary to the Lord’s command, he was strangled by a lion on the road. Also on Rehoboam, Solomon’s son, who because of idolatry was attacked by the king of Egypt, who carried away the treasures of the temple and of his house. Folio 26.

On Abijah, Rehoboam’s son, who succeeded him in the kingdom after his death. Jeroboam, king of Israel, came against him; although Abijah was wicked, because he devoutly commended himself to the Lord, Jeroboam was defeated, fifty thousand of his army being slain. Folio 26.

On Asa, Abijah’s son, who succeeded him in the kingdom and removed idolatry from the land; and on Nadab, Jeroboam’s son, who reigned over Israel after him. Asa, king of Judah, won a victory against the Ethiopians who came against him.

[Running head: Title XVII]

On another occasion, when Baasha, king of Israel, came to war against him, he was freed with the aid of the king of Syria. Folio 26.

When Baasha died, his son Elah reigned in Israel; after him Zimri reigned seven days, and when besieged by Omri in Tirzah he burned himself together with the palace. Omri then reigned, and after him his son Ahab, a most wicked idolater together with his wife Jezebel. Folio 26.

On Jehoshaphat, king of Judah and son of Asa, an excellent man, against whom the Philistines and Arabs came in war; one million one hundred and sixty thousand were defeated. Folio 26.

On Elijah the prophet, who by prayer obtained that no rain should fall upon the earth for three and a half years. He was fed by a raven at the brook and thereafter by the widow of Zarephath from a handful of flour that did not fail; he raised her son. In the presence of the people of Israel gathered on Mount Carmel, he caused fire to descend from heaven upon the sacrifice. Because the four hundred priests of the idols could not do this, he caused them to be killed; and because Jezebel threatened him with death on that account, he went into the desert. While he slept there beneath a juniper tree, an angel appeared, roused him to eat bread baked under the ashes that had been brought to him, and exhorted him to eat. In the strength of this food, he walked fasting for forty days as far as Mount Horeb. Folio 26.

On Ahab, king of Israel, who twice won victory against Ben-hadad, king of Syria, when he came against him in war with thirty-two kings, just as a certain prophet had foretold to him. Also on Naboth, falsely accused of blasphemy and stoned because he refused to sell his vineyard to King Ahab; on account of this Ahab, rebuked by Elijah, humbled himself. And on the war planned against Ramoth, a city taken away by the king of Syria, to which Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, also went with Ahab. The prophets of Baal foretold victory for him, but Micaiah, the Lord’s prophet, foretold his death and defeat, just as it happened. Folio 26.

On Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, rebuked by a prophet for the aid given to Ahab; on his great diligence in bringing the people to observance of the Law, sending priests everywhere to instruct them; and on the very great victory he won against many nations that came against him in war, and this by prayers and fasts. Folio 27.

On the Fourth Book of Kings, and first on Ahaziah, who reigned in Israel in place of his father Ahab, killed in battle. When Ahaziah was sick, Elijah the prophet foretold his death. Ahaziah first sent three captains of fifty to summon Elijah; the first two, with their men, were consumed by fire at Elijah’s prayer. Also on Elijah’s assumption or translation into heaven in a fiery chariot. Folio 27.

On Elisha, Elijah’s disciple, who, after receiving the spirit of prophecy, divided the waters of the Jordan by the touch of Elijah’s cloak; made the waters drinkable at Jericho; and cursed the boys who mocked him, whereupon they were devoured by bears. When the kings of Israel, Judah, and Edom gathered together against Moab and lacked water, Elisha prophesied when a psaltery was played and provided them water from God. Folio 27.

The same Elisha multiplied oil for a widow to pay her debt and raised the dead son of the Shunammite woman whom he had obtained for her by prayer. He sweetened extremely bitter and poisoned food by putting flour upon it. He multiplied bread. He cleansed Naaman the Syrian of leprosy when he washed in the Jordan. He condemned his disciple Gehazi to leprosy because, without Elisha’s knowledge, he asked for gifts from those men. He caused iron that had flown from its handle and sunk into the water to return to that handle. When the same Elisha, who was revealing the ambushes of the king of Syria to the king of Israel, was approached by an army of Syria coming to capture him, he struck them with blindness and led them into the midst of their enemies, yet commanded the king of Israel not to harm them at all. When a severe famine invaded Samaria because the king of Syria besieged it, Elisha foretold abundance to the king of Israel on the following day. This came to pass when the Syrian king’s army fled and left everything there. To Hazael, who came to ask whether the sick Ben-hadad, king of Syria, would recover, Elisha foretold that Hazael would be king of Syria and would do many evils. The same Elisha commanded one of the sons of the prophets to go and anoint Jehu king of Israel so that he might destroy all Ahab’s seed, which was done. Jehu himself, anointed king, killed Joram, king of Israel and son of Ahab; caused the wounded Ahaziah, king of Judah, to be killed; caused Jezebel, mother of the said Joram, to be thrown from the window of her house; caused the seventy sons of Ahab to be beheaded by the Samaritans; and killed all the prophets of Baal gathered under the pretext that he would worship him. Yet Jehu himself turned aside to idolatry. Folio 27.

On Athaliah, mother of Ahaziah, who, when she heard that her son was killed, caused all the royal seed to be killed so that she herself might reign. Yet one, namely Joash, was hidden. When he was seven years old he was revealed and declared king over Judah, Athaliah being killed; all this was procured by Jehoiada the high priest. King Joash caused Zechariah the prophet, son of the aforesaid Jehoiada, to be stoned beside the temple when Zechariah rebuked him for his vices. On account of this, after Joash himself was defeated by the king of Syria and great spoil was taken, he was killed by his own men. Folio 27, at the end.

On the kingdom of Israel, in which, after Jehu, his son Jehoahaz reigned, and after him his son Joash. When Joash visited Elisha in his final illness, Elisha foretold that he would strike Syria three times. A certain dead man, cast upon the bones of the already dead Elisha, was raised. In the kingdom of Judah, Amaziah reigned in place of his father Joash. When Amaziah went to war against Edom, he won victory; becoming proud because of it, he went to war against Joash, king of Israel, was captured by him, and was led into Jerusalem after the treasures of the temple and royal house had been taken. When Joash, king of Israel, died, his son Jeroboam reigned, and after him his son Azariah. Folio 28.

On Uzziah, who reigned in Judah after his father Amaziah was killed by his own men. He did many good things, magnified the city in riches, and obtained many victories against different nations. At last, lifted up in pride because he entered the temple to offer incense before the Lord, he contracted leprosy, in which he remained until death, while his son Jotham governed the kingdom. In Israel, however, Azariah reigned; Shallum killed him and reigned in his place; Menahem killed Shallum and assumed the kingdom; when he died, his son Pekahiah reigned; another Pekah, son of Remaliah, killed him and reigned in his place. In his time Tiglath-pileser, king of the Assyrians, came against Israel, took a great part captive, and transferred them among the Assyrians. Hoshea killed the aforesaid Pekah and reigned in Israel.

[Running head: Second Title]

In Judah, after Uzziah, his son Jotham reigned; he also made the Ammonites tributary. Folio 28.

On Ahaz, who reigned in Judah after the death of his father Jotham. He was most wicked and given to idolatry. Pekah the king came against him in battle and on one day killed one hundred and twenty thousand fighting men of Judah; they led away two hundred thousand boys, girls, and women captive. Yet, at a prophet’s counsel, they refreshed and released them. In his time Rome was founded. Folio 28.

On his son Hezekiah, who reigned in Judah and was an excellent man, bringing the people back to the worship of God. In his time the kingdom of Israel—that is, of the ten tribes—failed, when they were transferred by Shalmaneser, king of the Assyrians. In Hezekiah’s time, when Sennacherib, king of the Assyrians, came against Hezekiah and his kingdom and besieged Jerusalem, in one night an angel of the Lord, through Hezekiah’s and Isaiah’s prayers and humiliations, killed one hundred and eighty-five thousand of Sennacherib’s army; thus he was delivered. Hezekiah himself, however, whether because of pride or ingratitude, became sick unto death, but, repenting, he was healed; as a sign, the sun returned through ten lines. He showed all his treasures to the ambassadors of Babylon, and Isaiah foretold to him that everything would be carried away by the Babylonians. He also caused Passover to be celebrated most solemnly by the people. Folio 28.

On Manasseh, Hezekiah’s son, who after him reigned in Judah for fifty-five years. He was most wicked, given to idolatry and auguries, and killed the prophets, especially Isaiah, whom he caused to be cut with a wooden saw. Yet when he was led captive into Babylon, he repented and, greatly humbled in that captivity, obtained pardon and was restored to his kingdom. His son Amon succeeded him, imitating his father in vices but not in repentance; he also was killed by his own men. Folio 28.

On his son Josiah, who received the kingdom when he was eight years old. He ruled excellently, persecuted idolaters, brought the priests to restore the temple, led the people back to observance of the Law and fear of God, and caused Passover to be solemnly celebrated. At last, because he went to fight the king of Egypt contrary to the Lord’s will, he was gravely wounded, taken to Jerusalem, and passed to the Lord. Jeremiah composed laments upon his death. Folio 28, at the end.

On Necho, king of Egypt, who entered Jerusalem and led Jotham, Josiah’s son whom the people had appointed king, bound into Egypt; he appointed Jotham’s brother Jehoiakim king in his place. The king of Babylon came against Jehoiakim and made him tributary. When he rebelled, the king of Babylon came again and killed him. Fearing that Jehoiakim’s son Jehoiachin would rebel, he led him captive into Babylon with many of the more eminent men, especially Daniel, Hananiah, Azariah, Mishael, Ezekiel, and Mordecai. The king of Babylon appointed Zedekiah, Josiah’s son and the aforesaid Jehoiachin’s uncle, king of Judah. When Zedekiah rebelled, Nebuchadnezzar came, captured the city of Jerusalem, killed the king’s sons in his presence, deprived him of his eyes, and led him bound into Babylon, carrying away the vessels of the temple and all precious things, burning the city, and transferring many thousands of Jews into Babylon. He left a certain man named Gedaliah as governor over those who remained, but Ishmael and his men killed him. At last Johanan, with those of the people who remained in Judea, descended into Egypt for fear of the Chaldeans. In that time Jeremiah prophesied. He had earlier foretold Jerusalem’s future captivity so as to bring them to repentance; finally, taken with them into Egypt, he was stoned there by them. Folio 19 throughout.

Chapter Four: On the Prophets Whose Prophecies Are Contained in the Old Testament

Of these, Moses was greatest without qualification, but David in a certain respect, namely with respect to the mysteries of Christ. It begins, “Although of the saints.” Folio 29.

On David’s prophecy in the Psalms concerning all the articles of faith. Folio 29, at the end.

On Solomon’s prophecy and doctrine in his three books—namely Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Songs—and on the Book of Wisdom and Ecclesiasticus. Folio 30.

Chapter Five: On the Prophet Isaiah

On his royal stock, his style in writing, and his cruel death, namely his being cut with a wooden saw. It begins, “Among the four prophets.” Folio 30.

On his prophetic announcement concerning the destruction of the kingdoms of Israel, Judah, Syria, Moab, Egypt, Tyre, Edom, the Assyrians, and the Babylonians, which are called burdens. Folio 30.

On the prophecy of the Incarnation in the words, “Behold, a virgin shall conceive,” etc. Folio 30.

On the prophecy of Christ’s Nativity and divinity and the fruits of the Incarnation, in the words, “A little child is born to us.” Folio 31.

On the most manifest prophecy of Christ’s Passion. Folio 32.

On the prophecy of the Church to be gathered from the gentiles. Folio 33.

On the different mysteries of Christ. Folio 33.

On the prophecy of the Ascension and the angels’ question. Folio 33.

Chapter Six: On Jeremiah the Prophet

On Jeremiah, a priest sanctified in the womb, and his death by stoning. It begins, “Jeremiah.” Folio 33.

On his prophecy with respect to the Incarnation and Passion. Folio 33, at the end.

On the prophecy of the Messiah promised in the Law and His divinity through the name Tetragrammaton. Folio 34.

On the evangelical law to be given to the people. Folio 35.

Chapter Seven: On the Prophet Ezekiel

He prophesied in Babylon and at last was killed there by the Jews. It begins, “Ezekiel.” Folio 35.

On his first vision, namely of the four living creatures, signifying the elect of the Church; the unity of the Church itself; and its one shepherd. Folio 35.

On the mystery of the final resurrection of bodies, shown to him through the bones restored to life. Folio 35.

On God’s immense mercy, which receives every penitent sinner to pardon, and His justice, which punishes a just man who turns aside to evil. Folio 35.

On Lucifer’s fall and his marvelous perfection in which he was created. Folio 36.

On Ezekiel’s final and most difficult vision, namely the marvelous city built upon a mountain and shown to him, and how it can be understood according to the letter. Folio 36.

On the mystical or moral exposition of that city, which signifies the Church militant with respect to all its states. Folio 37.

Chapter Eight: On the Prophet Daniel

To him was revealed the time of the future Incarnation in the seventy shortened weeks of which he speaks in chapter nine. It begins, “Although all.” Folio 37.

That Daniel himself, of the royal stock of Judah, was led captive in his youth into Babylon with Hananiah, Azariah, and Mishael. Nebuchadnezzar caused them to be taught the wisdom and learning of the Babylonians; because of their abstinence, since they did not use the foods of the gentiles but vegetables and water, God gave them understanding of all visions. Folio 38.

On Daniel’s ten visions in different chapters of his prophecy. Folio 38.

On Michael the archangel fighting for the people of God; the final resurrection; and the history of Susanna, Bel, and the dragon. Folio 38.

Chapter Nine: On the Twelve Minor Prophets

They prophesied at different times in Judah or Israel, and their manifold prophecy concerning different mysteries is treated successively in twelve sections. It begins, “Twelve.” Folios 30 and 38.

On Job the gentile, who prophesied more openly and cautiously than the other prophets concerning the final resurrection of bodies, in the words, “I know that my Redeemer lives,” etc. Who Job himself was, of what lineage, and who wrote his book are noted there. In that book it is proved in many ways that divine providence has care for human acts, as blessed Thomas explains. Folio 40.

On the history of Tobit, who was transferred to Nineveh by the king of the Assyrians with the others of the people of Israel; and there on his perfection and life, his almsgiving, his blindness and enlightenment, the angel Raphael leading him and bringing him back, and his prophecy concerning the Church. Folio 40, at the end.

On the Sibyls, prophetesses of the gentiles, whom the wise relate to have been ten; and that they prophesied marvelously concerning the mysteries of Christ, such as the Incarnation, His virgin mother and His name, His miracles, disciples, and teaching, His Passion and Resurrection, and the Last Judgment, in twenty-six verses. Folio 41.

On Lycurgus, who composed laws for the Lacedaemonians, and on his laws full of morality; and on Sardanapalus, the last king of the Assyrians, who, wholly effeminate and given to wantonness, after losing his kingdom burned himself with his riches. Folio 42.

On certain distinguished men, namely Gyges, Archilochus, Simonides, Seleucus, Phalaris, Zeno the philosopher, Arion the musician, Thales of Miletus, and Milo. Folio 42.

Fourth Title: On Deeds in the Fifth Age of the World

This age had its origin from the captivity or transmigration of the Jews into Babylon and extends to Christ’s Nativity. It begins, “The fifth age.” There also is an account of the kingdom of Nebuchadnezzar and his sons who reigned after him. Folio 42.

On Cyrus, king of the Persians, who, after overthrowing the kingdom of the Medes and also the kingdom of the Babylonians by killing its king Belshazzar, transferred the monarchy, which was previously among the Assyrians, to the Persians and Medes. It remained there for two hundred and six years through the succession of twelve Persian kings, down to Alexander the Great. This Cyrus was the nephew of Darius through his sister and came to the kingdom marvelously. In his time Aesop, who composed fables, flourished. Folio 43.

On the capture and siege of Babylon by Cyrus; the marvelous strength of the city; and how Cyrus entered it by way of the Euphrates River. Folio 43.

On the seven sages of the world who flourished in those times. Folio 43.

On the permission Cyrus gave the Jews to return to Jerusalem to rebuild the temple under Ezra’s leadership, the vessels of the temple being returned. Folio 44.

On King Croesus, captured by Cyrus, and his riches. Folio 44.

On Cambyses, son of Cyrus, who succeeded him in the Persian monarchy, defeated Egypt, and added it to his empire. He was so severe that he caused a certain unjust judge to be flayed and made that judge’s son sit in judgment upon a chair covered with his skin. In his time occurred what is read in the history of Judith, when he was called Nebuchadnezzar. Folio 44, at the end.

On Holofernes, commander of the army of the said Nebuchadnezzar, sent by him to subjugate all lands and destroy their gods so that he alone might be adored as God. Devastating with an innumerable army everything that met him, he finally came into Judea to destroy it, but was killed after being piously deceived by Judith the widow; and on how she may be excused in that dissimulation. Folio 45, at the beginning.

On Polycrates and certain others. Folio 45.

On Pythagoras the natural philosopher, who was renowned at that time and regarded as the head of the philosophers of Italy. He was the first to profess that he was a philosopher, that is, a lover of wisdom. He traversed many parts of the world to drink in wisdom; by his wisdom he led both men and women to modesty and a moral life. He also was the first among the Greeks to discover that souls are immortal, but in this he erred shamefully, saying that they pass from body to body. Folio 45.

On the two Magi who obtained the kingdom of the Persians after Cambyses; and on how, after them, Darius Hystaspes received the kingdom of the Persians in a marvelous manner. Folio 45, at the end.

On Darius himself, a friend of Zerubbabel, who also gave permission to restore the temple, which Cambyses had forbidden; and on the question proposed between Zerubbabel and the other chamberlains of Darius, namely concerning wine, the king, women, and truth. Zerubbabel proved that truth was stronger than all; when this had been approved by everyone, he obtained from Darius himself the rebuilding of the temple. Folio 46.

On the philosophers Democritus and Heraclitus, as well as Anaxagoras, Archelaus, and Aeschylus; and on Themistocles fighting manfully. Folio 46.

On Xerxes, son of Darius, who reigned in Persia after him. When a contention arose between him and his brothers concerning the kingdom, they remained at peace by their uncle’s judgment. This Xerxes was very wanton and self-willed. Making war with an innumerable army and one thousand two hundred ships, he was defeated by Leonidas, king of the Spartans, with only four thousand men. Folio 46.

[Running head: Fourth Title]

On certain illustrious gentile men, namely Themistocles, Pindar, Sophocles, Euripides, and Herodotus the historian. Folio 47.

On Artabanus, who obtained the kingdom of the Persians in a marvelous manner; Artaxerxes succeeded him. Folio 47.

On Empedocles and Parmenides, who flourished in philosophy, and many other sages of the world. Folio 47.

On Nehemiah, cupbearer of the said King Artaxerxes, who in the twentieth year of his reign obtained permission to go to Jerusalem to rebuild the walls of the city with many others. When they arrived, they were attacked in many ways by neighboring nations. Also on Ezra teaching the people. Folio 47, at the end.

On Hippocrates the physician and Gorgias the rhetor, who were held in distinction at that time. Folio 48.

On Socrates the philosopher, who gave himself entirely to moral matters; his notable sayings; and his disciples Aristippus and Antisthenes. Folio 48.

On Xerxes, who reigned in Persia after Artaxerxes; after him Sogdianus reigned, and Darius surnamed Nothus succeeded him. In his time the philosopher Plato was born and Socrates perished by poison. Folio 48.

On Alcibiades, Socrates’s disciple, who was unfortunate; and on Eudoxus the astrologer and Euripides. Folio 49.

On Artaxerxes, who succeeded Darius in Persia, namely his son who is called Ahasuerus in the Book of Esther. After repudiating Queen Vashti, he took as wife Queen Esther, from the stock of the Jews and Mordecai’s niece. When Haman, first after the king, procured the extermination of the Jews, Queen Esther, after first offering prayer, obtained from Ahasuerus the death of Haman himself and of all the enemies of her people, and the revocation of his sentence against that people. Folio 49.

On Xenophon, Socrates’s disciple; Diogenes, who was head of the sect of Cynic philosophers, his austere life and poverty; and Eusebius the philosopher. Folio 49.

On Dionysius, tyrant of Sicily. Folio 50.

On the philosopher Plato, who embraced both branches of philosophy, dividing it into moral, natural, and rational philosophy; and on how marvelously he spoke about God, and on his errors. Folio 50.

On Archytas of Tarentum and his sayings. Folio 51.

On the renowned orators Demosthenes and Aeschines. Folio 51 at the end and folio 52 at the beginning.

Chapter Two: On Alexander the Great

He was born while Ochus, king of the Persians, reigned, from Philip, king of the Macedonians, and his wife Olympias. Some, however, say that he was illegitimate, conceived by Olympias not from Philip but from Nectanebus the astrologer, who pretended to be the god Ammon. It begins, “In the year, therefore.” Folio 52.

On Alexander the Great, his appearance, and his tutor Leonidas, whom he exposed to be devoured by lions; and how he cast his father Nectanebus into a pit, from which he died. Folio 52, near the end.

On Alexander himself, who at the age of fifteen defeated Nicolas, king of the Athenians; and on Philip’s murder. Folio 52 at the end and folio 53 at the beginning.

On the character of Philip, king of Macedonia. Folio 53.

On Arsanias, son of Ochus, who succeeded him in the Persian monarchy, and whom his son Darius succeeded. Alexander fought many battles with Darius, finally defeated him, and transferred the Persian monarchy to the Greeks. Folio 53.

On the letters sent by Darius to Alexander and Alexander’s replies. Folio 54.

On Alexander himself hastening to capture Jerusalem. When he saw Jaddua the high priest coming to meet him in pontifical dress, he descended from his horse and venerated him, as he had been admonished in a dream. Folio 54, in the last column.

On Darius, who wished to give Alexander a very great quantity of money, a portion of the kingdom, and his daughter in marriage so that Alexander would desist from the war undertaken against him; but Alexander did not acquiesce. Also on Alexander himself, who, with his appearance transformed, came to Darius’s banquet without being recognized by him. Folio 55.

That after Darius was finally killed, Alexander obtained Babylon, yet caused Darius’s killers to be crucified. Folio 55.

On Alexander’s character, his pomp, his wantonness, and the fury by which he killed several of his dearest friends. Folio 56.

On Alexander himself: how he subjected different and many princes to himself, subjugated very many nations, and defeated Porus, a most powerful and wealthy king. Folio 56.

On Alexander himself: that in a certain battle he was wounded, yet did not withdraw from the battle until he killed the man who had wounded him; and that he made peace with Candace, a most wealthy queen. Folio 56.

On Alexander preparing for war against the Brahmans; the letter sent to him by them, in which their marvelous customs are described; and Alexander’s notable reply to them. Folio 57, at the beginning.

On Alexander himself: after he had obtained many regions, and those he had not yet obtained had sent embassies offering themselves as subjects, he finally perished at Babylon by poison prepared by his physician Thessalus, in the thirtieth year of his life. Others, however, say that poison was prepared for him by his sister. Folio 57 at the end and folio 58 at the beginning.

Chapter Three: On the Sages of the World Who Flourished at That Time

First on Aristotle, greatest of the philosophers. It begins, “On the philosophers.” Folio 58.

On the books Aristotle produced and certain of his moral sayings. Folio 58.

On the philosopher Apuleius and certain of his sayings. Folio 59.

On Hermes the philosopher, who is also called Mercury Trismegistus, and certain of his moral sayings concerning God. Folio 59.

On Plotinus the Platonic philosopher and his sayings; he posited four kinds of virtues, namely political virtues, purgative virtues, virtues of the purified soul, and exemplar virtues. Folio 59.

On Epicurus, a most wicked philosopher, and his errors. Folio 59, at the end.

Chapter Four

That after the death of Alexander the Great, the monarchy of the Greeks was divided into many parts, and chiefly among four kings: Ptolemy in Egypt, Philip the brother of Alexander in Macedonia, Lysimachus in Lydia, Thrace, and the Hellespont, and another who began to reign in Babylon after the death of Alexander. Folio 60.

On Menander and Philemon, comic poets, and Polemon the philosopher. Folio 60, in the last column.

On the kingdom of Syria, whose first king was Seleucus. Folio 61.

On Ptolemy Philadelphus, who reigned in Egypt. He caused the scriptures of the Old Testament to be translated from Hebrew into Greek by the seventy translators and gathered fifty thousand volumes of books in his library. Folio 61.

On the seventy-two translators skilled in the Greek and Hebrew languages and sent from among the Jews into Egypt to interpret the Hebrew scriptures; and on the different opinion among the doctors concerning that translation. This Ptolemy also composed canons of the stars and wrote several books. Folio 61, in the third column.

On Brennus, leader of the Gauls, who broke into Macedonia with a very great army, was defeated by Sosthenes with a small army, and afterward killed himself out of shame. Folio 62, at the beginning.

On the philosophers Arcesilaus and Crates, who flourished at that time; certain of their moral sayings; and certain other sages and their sayings. Folio 62.

On the opinions and doctrines of the Stoic philosophers. Folio 62, at the end.

On Erasistratus the physician and Antiochus reigning in Syria. Folio 63, in the second column.

On Ptolemy Euergetes, who reigned in Egypt after his brother Philadelphus; on Jesus son of Sirach, who composed the Book of Ecclesiasticus, which is placed in sacred scripture after the Book of Wisdom; and on several Ptolemies reigning successively in Egypt. In that time Ennius the philosopher and Statius Caecilius, a Gaul by nation, flourished; he produced the metrical books Achilleid and Thebaid. Folio 63.

On Antiochus the Great, who subjected Judea to himself. Because he attacked the neighboring regions, he was compelled by the Roman consuls Scipio Africanus and Scipio Nasica to cease from the said attack under oath, his son Seleucus being given as a hostage. This Antiochus was finally killed in Persia. Folio 63.

On Seleucus, son of Antiochus, who sent Heliodorus to despoil the temple, but Heliodorus was beaten by angels and scarcely escaped. This Antiochus was also called Epiphanes. Folio 64.

Under this Antiochus called Epiphanes began the deeds contained in the Books of Maccabees. Many perverse men from among the Jews went to this Antiochus and asked that observance of the Mosaic law be taken away from them and the rites of the gentiles introduced among the people. The deeds of the Maccabees themselves, from the First and Second Books, are contained in the several chapters indicated. Folio 64.

After those three noble Maccabean brothers, namely Judas, Jonathan, and Simon, who successively were leaders of the Jewish people and also had great victories over the various nations that were their enemies in the many wars they waged for the observance and defense of the divine laws and the recovery of their liberty taken away by the gentiles—of whom the first, Judas, died in battle, while Jonathan and Simon were treacherously captured and killed—after treaties of peace were entered with the Romans, who were then pagans, nothing more is contained in sacred scripture concerning either Jews or gentiles down to Christ. Folios 64 and 65.

On John Hyrcanus, son of the aforesaid Simon, who succeeded him in the leadership and high priesthood and is much commended by Josephus. He went to war against his kinsman Ptolemy, because Ptolemy had treacherously captured and killed his father, who was Ptolemy’s father-in-law, and had captured his mother and brothers. But because the jubilee intervened, he ceased to pursue him. Folio 67.

When John died, because his five sons were of tender age, John himself placed his most eloquent wife over the people and his sons in government. But the firstborn, namely Aristobulus, impatient of this, bound his mother with his three younger brothers and finally killed his mother by starvation. Aristobulus himself received the kingdom, but, becoming ill, reigned for only one year. When by the deceit of his wife he heard that his brother Hyrcanus, second in birth, had been killed, he died of grief. Aristobulus’s wife, having no sons, freed the other three brothers of Aristobulus from their chains and caused the eldest of them, namely Alexander, the elder by birth, to reign. He was called Jannaeus; he was most wicked and killed one of his brothers. Folio 67.

This Alexander killed fifty thousand of the people because they detested his vices. By his wife Alexandra he left two sons. Alexandra began to reign, but afterward declared Hyrcanus high priest and future king; she compelled her other son, namely Aristobulus, to live as a private man. Folio 67.

Afterward there was a great contest between the brothers Hyrcanus and Aristobulus concerning the kingdom, and they fought many battles. Pompey, consul of the Romans, intervened between them. Having declared Hyrcanus high priest, he took Aristobulus bound with his two sons, namely Alexander and Antigonus, with him to Rome. After a long contest concerning the kingdom of Judea among Hyrcanus, Aristobulus’s sons Alexander and Antigonus, and many battles, Hyrcanus finally gave his granddaughter Mariamne as wife to the first Herod, namely the Ascalonite, who was a gentile from Idumea. After Herod was circumcised, the kingdom of the Jews was transferred to foreigners, namely to Herod, under whom Christ was born. Herod was made king of Judea by Octavian. Folios 67, 68, and 69.

Chapter Five: On the Monarchy of the Romans

The Romans first governed themselves through kings beginning with Romulus, who built Rome. This manner of governing began in the time of Hezekiah, king of Judah, and ended with Tarquin the Proud, seven kings succeeding one another. Afterward they were governed by two consuls changed annually, and finally by emperors down to the present time, of whom Julius Caesar was the first. It begins, “After the manner.” Folio 69.

On Romulus, who founded Rome, was conceived in rape, and was nourished by a she-wolf; he caused his brother Remus to be killed so that he alone might reign. Folio 54, almost at the end.

[Running head: Fourth Title]

After Romulus constructed the city, he built a temple, promising impunity to everyone who fled to it. Hence Rome was filled with robbers and fugitives. Also how the Romans took wives from among the Sabine women whom they abducted when they came to a festival; on account of this a hard war was waged between the Sabines and the Romans. And on the unknown death of Romulus, who was translated by them into a god. Folio 69 at the end and folio 70.

On Numa Pompilius, who succeeded Romulus in the kingdom. Having made peace with the neighboring peoples, he established a temple to the god Janus, which remained closed in time of peace and open in time of war; he devoted himself wholly to framing laws and instituting sacred rites. Folio 70, in the third column.

On Tullus Hostilius, third king of the Romans. He was devoted to military affairs, and therefore caused the temple of Janus to be opened, disdaining peace. He subjected the neighboring city of the Albans to himself and was struck and consumed by lightning. Folio 70, in the last column.

On Ancus Marcius, fourth king of the Romans, who founded Ostia; Tarquin the Elder, fifth king; Servius Tullius, sixth; and Tarquin the Proud, seventh king. Folio 71.

On the adultery perpetrated against Lucretia, a most noble Roman woman, by Tarquin, son of King Tarquin, on account of which the kingdom was taken from him and he was driven from the city. Folio 71.

On the first two consuls created, namely Brutus and Collatinus, kinsman of Lucretia. Brutus killed his own sons because of a conspiracy made to bring Tarquin back into the city; when Tarquin made war against them, both fell dead from many wounds. Folio 71.

On the commendation Sallust makes of the Roman republic in the time of the earlier consuls, which Augustine refutes with manifold reasoning. Folio 72, at the beginning.

On Tarquin the Proud, who was driven from the kingdom and the city. Betaking himself to Porsenna, king of the city of Clusium, he received aid from him. Porsenna with his strong army and that of the Etruscans afflicted the city with a long siege. Also on Mucius Scaevola, who went as far as Porsenna’s royal seat and killed the scribe sitting beside him. When captured, he said that he had come there to kill the king, reporting that three hundred men had conspired together to kill him. Therefore the king, considering their boldness and his own danger, made peace with the Romans. Folio 72.

On the contention and sedition that arose between the fathers and the Roman plebeians, when the plebs complained of the very harsh oppression of the nobles; to quiet it, the office of tribunes was created. Folio 72.

On another dissension that arose between the consuls and the tribunes of the plebs. To settle it they sent ambassadors into Greece to receive laws; and on the laws and ten tables of the Athenians brought to the city. Folio 72.

On the most severe famine that greatly afflicted the city; and on a certain Lucius Aemilius, who brought into the city a great quantity of grain bought with his own money and distributed it to the plebs. Because of this benefit the consulship was promised to him, but when he also sought royal dignity with great effort because of the people’s favor, he was killed. Folio 72, in the last column.

On the death of many of the nobles from a similar disease, which by the disclosure of a certain maidservant was found to have come from poisons treacherously prepared by matrons. Folio 72, at the end.

On the Veientes defeated by the Romans; and on the Senonian Gauls who captured and burned the city. When they began to ascend the Capitol by night, the guards were awakened by the cry of a goose that was there and drove them back; therefore the Romans worshiped the goose as a god. Folio 73, at the beginning.

On the affliction of the city by a great plague; and on the chasm or opening made in the midst of the earth, which was closed when Curtius cast himself into it armed. Folio 73.

On the two Decii, father and son, consuls, who devoted themselves for the obtaining of victory and exposed themselves to death. Folio 73.

On the war of the Romans with the Samnites, who are between Picenum and Campania. In it the Romans were defeated with great disgrace and compelled to pass under the yoke, that is, beneath the forks. But the Romans did not keep the pact made with them, and by again making war against them defeated the Samnites, killed twenty-four thousand of them and their king, and utterly overthrew their city. Folio 73.

On the Tarentines attacking the fleet of the Romans as it passed upon the sea. They dragged the ships to their port and killed all who were fit for war. Aemilius the consul went against them with a multitude of Romans, came there, and devastated with fire and sword everything he occupied. Pyrrhus, king of the Epirotes, who are Greeks, came to aid the Tarentines with a great army. In the first battle the Romans succumbed. In the second battle the Romans prevailed, although many were killed on both sides. In the third battle Pyrrhus was put to flight; having returned to Greece, he was killed. Folio 74.

On the very great plague that invaded Rome and continued for three years. When the Sibylline books were consulted to remove it, it was found as a remedy that Aesculapius, who is called the god of medicine, had to be brought to Rome from Epidaurus, namely a certain city. This Aesculapius was a certain serpent that by the devil’s work was marvelously conducted to Rome. Also on another marvelous work wrought by the art of demons. Folio 74.

On Manlius Torquatus, consul of the Romans. When he was at war against the Latins, he issued an edict that no one should fight outside the order. His son, provoked by the insults of one of the adversaries, joined battle with him in single combat and killed him. Returning to his father with victory, he was killed by his father because he had violated the edict. Folio 74.

On the battles of the Romans with the Carthaginians. In the first war, which lasted twenty-two years, Hannibal the Elder, commander of the Carthaginians, devastated the maritime coast of Italy with a fleet of seventy ships. The Romans, with one hundred and thirty ships newly made in a short time, prevailed in a naval battle, capturing thirty-one of Hannibal’s ships and sinking thirteen. Thereafter in other wars, with four hundred and thirty ships, the Romans obtained Sicily, which belonged to the Carthaginians. Afterward, when they went into Africa, they had a notable victory in a land battle under the consul Marcus Regulus. In the following battle, however, Marcus Regulus was captured by the Carthaginians. The Carthaginians sent him as an ambassador to the Senate to persuade it to make an exchange of Carthaginian captives for Regulus himself. He urged the contrary; therefore, returning as he had promised by oath, he was killed by a cruel death. Folios 74 and 75.

On the Second Punic War, which brought the greatest destruction to both sides. It lasted eighteen years, and in it Hannibal the Younger, commander of the Carthaginians and the Romans’ greatest enemy, sought to pass from Africa into Italy. In Spain he besieged Saguntum, a city allied with the Romans, seeking from this an occasion to fight the Romans without seeming to violate the peace made with them. The Saguntines, however, were so faithful to the Romans that all of them exposed themselves and their riches to fire and were consumed rather than surrender themselves to Hannibal. Folio 75.

On the battle fought at Cannae in Apulia after Hannibal entered Italy with the greatest difficulty. So great a slaughter of the Romans was made in that battle that Hannibal sent to Carthage three modii of gold rings taken from the slain Romans. After the slaughter, as Hannibal advanced to capture the city, he was hindered by exceedingly heavy rain and hail. Folio 75, at the end.

On the several Scipios who were renowned at Rome, and especially in commendation of Scipio Africanus. When the Romans who had survived the great slaughter deliberated about abandoning the city and transferring themselves elsewhere, this Scipio encouraged them all to remain. Taking what army he could gather, he crossed into Africa and besieged Carthage; because of this Hannibal was recalled to defend the city and left Italy. Folio 76.

On the Third Punic War, in which the Carthaginians were defeated and their city captured, entirely burned, and destroyed. Folio 76.

On the First Macedonian War against Philip, king of Macedonia; the second war against Perseus, Philip’s son; the Syrian War against Antiochus, king of Syria; and other wars in which the Romans were victorious. Folio 76, at the end.

On the two Gracchi brothers, who were tribunes and were killed in a popular tumult, an event from which great discord arose in the city. Folio 77, at the beginning.

On the great sedition that arose in the city upon the killing of Saturninus. On the Romans’ three wars called the Servile Wars: the first was at Capua, the second in Macedonia, and the third in Sicily. Folio 77.

On the war of the Romans against Philip, king of Macedonia, and his son. Folio 77, at the end and on the following folio.

On another war, called the Social War, which the Romans waged against the Latins, who were not Roman citizens but allies.

On Terence, writer of comedies, and certain of his moral sayings. Folio 78.

On the envoys sent by Judas Maccabeus to the Senate to obtain peace and friendship with the Romans, where he is greatly commended. Folio 78.

On the war against King Jugurtha. Folio 78.

On the Mithridatic War against the Romans, which was exceedingly harsh. Folio 78, in the last column.

On the Romans’ civil wars, the first of which was between Marius and Sulla; and on the ambition of Marius, from which followed many killings of his rivals. Folio 79.

On Sulla, the adversary of Marius, and his cruelty. Returning from Asia to the city, he fought against the party of Marius and killed innumerable people. Folio 80.

On the civil wars of Sertorius and Catiline, of whom Sertorius belonged to the Marian party and Catiline to the Sullan. Folio 80.

On Catiline and his most wicked character. Folio 81.

On the battles between Pompey, who belonged to the Sullan party, and Julius Caesar, who belonged to the Marian party. Pompey was Julius Caesar’s son-in-law. Folio 81.

On Cato, who supported Pompey’s party and, hearing that Pompey had been defeated and beheaded while Julius Caesar prospered in everything, killed himself; and on several others called by the name Cato. Folio 81.

On Julius Caesar, his character, his glorious battles, and his assassination. Folio 82, at the beginning.

On the origin of the city of Florence, by whom it was built, and at what time. Folio 82, in the last column and on the following folio.

Chapter Six: On Emperor Octavian and the Sages Who Flourished Then

First, on the five wars he waged: the first against Mark Antony; the second against Brutus and Cassius; the third against the consul Lucius Antony; the fourth against Sextus, son of Pompey the Great; and the fifth against the same Mark Antony. Antony had repudiated Octavian’s sister, whom he had as his wife, and taken Cleopatra, queen of Egypt, as wife in her place. Octavian defeated them in naval and land warfare, and they killed themselves, namely Antony and Cleopatra. It begins, “Although.” Folio 83, in the third column.

On Octavian’s exceedingly handsome appearance and his character. Folio 84.

On his liberality and humility. Folio 84.

On his piety and fairness toward his subjects. Folio 84.

On his frugality and eloquence. Folio 84.

On the vices and wantonness of Octavian himself. Folio 84.

On the sages who flourished at that time, and first on Marcus Varro, who proposed three kinds of theology; and on his moral sayings. Folio 84.

On Valerius Maximus, who produced a book on virtues and vices; and on his notable sayings. Folio 85.

On Marcus Tullius Cicero, the most eloquent of the Latins, who was killed at Gaeta; and on his moral sayings in various books. Folio 85, in the last column and on the following folio.

On Sallust, a Roman citizen, and certain of his sayings from the Jugurthine War and the Catilinarian War, as well as his invectives against Cicero and Cicero’s against him. Folio 87.

On Virgil, a most noble poet, and his books, namely the Bucolics, Georgics, and Aeneid; on notable sayings from those books; and on his errors and wantonness. Folio 87.

On the poet Ovid and certain notable sayings from his books. Folio 88.

On the poet Horace and his notable sayings. Folio 88.

That in the time of Octavian, namely in the forty-second year of his rule, Christ was born. Octavian survived Him by twelve years, and on the day of the Nativity the Sibyl showed Octavian the child Jesus, born in His mother’s lap within the sphere of the sun. Folio 89, at the beginning.

On the birth of Christ’s mother and how Christ descends from the Levitical and royal tribes. Folio 89.

[Running head: Fifth Title]

On the genealogy of the Virgin and her Son, which Matthew describes through forty-two generations beginning from Abraham, but Luke through seventy-seven beginning from Adam. Folio 89.

On the life of Anne and Joachim, the Virgin’s parents. Folio 90.

Very briefly, on the life and character of the Virgin. Folio 90.

Fifth Title: On Christ Jesus Our Savior

In it the sixth age of the world begins. It has extended to the present time for one thousand four hundred and seventy-three years and, according to some, lasts until Antichrist, but according to others until the end of the world. It begins from Christ’s baptism according to some, and from His Passion according to others; but according to the computation commonly observed, from the Incarnation or Nativity. First, on certain authorities of scripture and the doctors. It begins, “The sixth age of the world.” Folio 90.

On the foretelling of the conception of John the Baptist. Folio 91.

On the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary, her Visitation to Elizabeth, the birth of John the Baptist, and the apparition of the angel to Joseph revealing to him the mystery of the Incarnation. Folio 91.

On the birth and circumcision of Christ. Folio 91.

On the adoration of the Magi and the offering of Christ in the temple. Folio 92.

On Herod’s slaughter of the Innocents. Folio 92.

On Christ’s remaining in the temple when He was twelve years old. Folio 92.

On the preaching of John the Baptist. Folio 92.

On the baptism received by Christ. Folio 92.

On the threefold calling of the apostles by Christ. Folio 93.

On the Lord’s sermon on the mountain delivered to the apostles, which Matthew relates in three chapters. Folio 93.

On His healing of a leper, the cure of the centurion’s paralyzed servant, and certain other healings by Him. Folio 94.

On the first expulsion He made of those who were selling in the temple; and on Nicodemus’s question and Christ’s answer to him. Folio 94.

On the conversion of the Samaritan woman, the healing from fever of the ruler’s son, and the invalid who remained at the pool. Folio 94.

On the sending of the apostles to preach with certain rules. Folio 95.

On the bread and fishes multiplied twice. Folio 95.

On His walking upon the waters and the calming of the storm. Folio 96.

On the commendation of grace and the necessity of receiving the Eucharist. Folio 96.

On the disciples whom the imprisoned John sent to Christ, Christ’s commendation of John, and John’s beheading. Folio 97.

On Christ’s institution of the Church’s sacraments. Folio 96.

On miracles Christ worked by expelling demons from the possessed, namely from the one who had a legion of demons, from the daughter of the Canaanite woman, and from the lunatic. Folio 97.

On a mute and deaf demoniac healed by Christ and the exposition of that Gospel passage. Folio 98.

On a mute and deaf man, but one who was not a demoniac, healed by Christ. Folio 98.

On the blind Bartimaeus, who cried out on the road and was given sight by Him. Folio 99.

On the man blind from birth who was given sight. Folio 99.

On the daughter of the ruler of the synagogue raised by Christ. Folio 100.

On the widow’s son raised from the dead. Folio 100.

On Lazarus raised from the dead. Folio 100, at the end and on the following folio.

On several other miracles worked by Him, such as the cleansing of the ten lepers, the straightening of the bent woman, the withering of the fig tree, the stater found in the fish’s mouth, and the changing of water into wine at the wedding. Folio 101 and the following folio.

Chapter Two: On Christ’s Teaching through Parables

First, on seed cast upon stony and thorny ground, beside the road, and upon good ground, and its exposition. It begins, “On Christ’s teaching.” Folio 102.

On the parable of the good seed and the tares, and its exposition. Folio 102.

On the parable of seed cast that produces first the blade, then the ear, and then the full grain; and on the mustard seed. Folio 103.

On the parable of the vineyard to which many were called to work at different hours. Folio 104.

On the parable of the vineyard planted, surrounded with a hedge, and leased to tenants, and its exposition. Folio 105.

On two other parables concerning a vineyard. Folio 105, at the end.

On three other parables in which the kingdom of heaven is likened to a treasure, a pearl, and a net. Folio 106.

On the parables in which Christ shows God’s mercy in receiving converted sinners, as in the one sheep lost from a hundred and the drachma lost by a woman. Folio 106.

On the parable of the prodigal received into pardon by his father, and its lengthy exposition. Folio 107.

On the parable of a king making a wedding feast for his son, with its lengthy exposition. Folio 108, at the end and on the following folio.

On the parable of the talents granted by a lord to his servants, namely five to one, two to another, and one to another, and its lengthy exposition. Folio 110.

On the parable of the ten wise and foolish virgins. Folio 111, at the end and on the following folio.

On the vigilance to be maintained in expectation of the Lord. Folio 113.

On the debtor of ten thousand talents. Folio 113, in the third column.

On the conversion of Mary Magdalene. Folio 114.

On Zacchaeus, who received Christ in his house. Folio 115, at the end.

On having one’s loins girded and lamps burning. Folio 116.

On the rich banqueter and Lazarus the beggar, and its exposition. Folio 116, in the last column.

On the parable of the steward brought into disrepute and his squandering of his lord’s goods. Folio 118.

On Christ’s temptation in the desert and its lengthy exposition. Folio 119 and the following two folios.

Chapter Three: On Christ’s Teaching in Rebuking the Various Vices of Men

It begins, “On teaching.” Folio 121.

On His teaching concerning the virtues necessary for salvation. Folio 122.

On His teaching concerning the counsels. Folio 123.

On Christ’s answers to questions the Jews asked in order to tempt Him. Folio 123.

On Christ’s answer to a question concerning the adulteress; whether it is lawful to put away one’s wife; the tribute to be paid to Caesar; and the woman with seven husbands. Folio 124, at the end and on the following folio.

On the answer made to the young man seeking the way of perfection; and on the answer made to the Jews’ question whether He was the Christ. Folio 126.

On Christ’s teaching concerning the answers made to Jews who were insulting Him in word and deed. Folio 126.

On His teaching in which He shows Himself to be God. Folio 127 and the following folio.

On Christ’s exhortation to perseverance and His harsh rebuke of the Jews for their faithlessness. Folio 129.

On the persecutions and plots of the Jews against Christ in order to capture Him. Folio 130 throughout.

Chapter Four: On Christ’s Teaching in His Answers to the Pious Questions of His Disciples

First, on Peter’s question, “Behold, we have left all things.” It begins, “On Jesus’s teaching.” Folio 131.

On the answer made to Peter when he asked, “How often shall my brother sin against me,” etc. Folio 131.

On the answer made to the disciples when they asked, “Who, do you think, is greatest in the kingdom of heaven?” Folio 132, at the beginning.

On the answer made to James and John when their mother said, “Command that these two sons of mine may sit,” etc. Folio 132.

On the explanation of certain sayings of Christ in the discourse at the Last Supper that are very obscure. Folio 132 and the following two folios.

On the exposition of the Lord’s Prayer, which Christ gave. Folio 134, in the last column and on the following folio.

On matters pertaining to the Last Judgment and its signs. Folio 135.

Chapter Five: On the Keys of the Church Conferred by Christ upon Peter

Folio 136.

On the governance of the Church conferred upon Peter. Folio 137.

On the hardness and rejection of the Jews and the conversion of the gentiles that was to follow. Folio 138.

On Christ’s Transfiguration on Mount Tabor. Folio 139 throughout.

On the counsel taken by the Jews concerning Christ’s death. Folio 140.

On the supper made for Christ in Bethany and the ointment poured out by Mary Magdalene. Folio 140.

On Christ’s entry into Jerusalem on Palm Sunday with great glory. Folio 141.

On His entry into the temple and the expulsion of those selling there. Folio 142.

On the gentiles who wished to speak with Christ and the voice made from heaven, “I have glorified,” etc. Folio 142, in the last column.

Chapter Six: On Christ’s Passion and How It Was Prophesied

It begins, “The Passion.” Folio 143.

On the counsel of the Jews concerning Christ’s death and Judas’s receipt of money for betraying Him. Folio 143.

On the Last Supper and the disclosure of the betrayer. Folio 144 and the following folio.

On Christ’s capture and the prayer He first made in the garden. Folio 145 and the following folio.

On Christ’s being led before the different judges, namely Annas, Caiaphas, Herod, and Pilate. Folio 146 and the following folio.

On the examination of His case before Pilate and the sentence of death. Folio 147 and the following folio.

On His crucifixion upon the cross. Folio 148 and the following folio.

On the seven words Christ spoke upon the cross. Folio 149.

On His death upon the cross. Folio 150.

Chapter Seven: On the Lord’s Resurrection and Its Prefiguration

And why He rose on the third day. It begins, “On the Resurrection.” Folio 151.

On the hour at which He rose and how “in the evening of the Sabbath,” etc., is to be understood. Folio 151.

On His first apparition, made to Magdalene, but earlier to His mother. Folio 152.

On the second apparition, made to the women when they held His feet; the third apparition, made to Peter; and the apparition made to James the Less. Folio 152.

On the fourth apparition, namely to the two going to Emmaus. Folio 152.

On the men who rose with Christ and whether they ascended with Him. Folio 153.

On the fifth apparition, made to ten disciples enclosed in the upper room. Folio 153, at the end.

On the apparition made eight days later to Thomas with the others. Folio 154.

On another apparition made at the Sea of Tiberias, and on the disciples’ fishing. Folio 151.

On the eighth apparition, made to the disciples in Galilee. Folio 156, at the beginning.

On the ninth apparition and the tenth, made on the day of the Ascension. Folio 156.

On the necessity of Christ’s Passion and the several senses in which He rose. Folio 157, in the third column.

On the testimony that Josephus, historian of the Jews, gives. Folio 158.

On the letter that either Pilate or another person wrote to Emperor Tiberius and the Senate concerning Christ; the Sibyl’s testimony concerning His death and Resurrection; and Christ’s image. Folio 158.

Chapter Eight: On the Exposition of That Gospel of John Which Is Said Daily at the End of Mass

Namely, “In the beginning was the Word.” It treats Christ’s threefold nativity: the divine from the Father, the spiritual in the mind of a creature, and the temporal from His mother. It begins, “That disciple.” Folio 158.

On the explanation of the term “Word.” Folio 159.

On the explanation of the word “was.” Folio 159.

On the explanation of the words “In the beginning.” Folio 160.

On the clause “And the Word was with God.” Folio 160.

On the clause “And the Word was God.” Folio 160, at the end.

On the clause “The same was in the beginning with God.” Folio 160.

On the clause “All things were made by Him.” Folio 161.

[Running head: Sixth Title]

On the clause “Without Him was made nothing.” Folio 162.

On the clause “What was made in Him was life.” Folio 162.

On the words “And the life was the light of men.” Folio 163.

On the second nativity of Christ, namely that by which He is born through grace in the mind of a person, upon the words “The light shines in darkness.” Folio 163.

On the preparation of a person for this nativity through grace, in the words “There was a man sent.” Folio 164.

On grace itself, which is born in the mind and has its diffusion among the elect, in the words “He was the true light.” Folio 165.

On ingratitude and the rejection of grace among the wicked, in the words “He was in the world,” etc. Folio 165.

On Christ’s third nativity, namely the temporal from the Virgin; and first, the truth of our humanity in Him is noted in the words “He came unto His own.” Folio 165.

Second, the fruitfulness of His nativity is noted in the words “But as many as.” Folio 165.

Third, His dwelling among us is noted in the words “The Word was made flesh and dwelt among us.” Folio 166.

Fourth, the perfect happiness attained in us is noted in the words “And we saw His glory.” Folio 167.

On the manifold vision of God. Folio 167 and the following folio.

Sixth Title: On the Church, Which Is the Mystical Body of Christ, and Its First Pastors and Preachers, Namely the Apostles

It begins, “Christ Himself.” Folio 168.

It should be known that the condition of the Church in its course and development under different times, from the age of the primitive Church to the end of the world, was revealed to John the Evangelist, exiled on the island of Patmos on a certain Lord’s Day, through imaginary visions. He relates these throughout his Book of the Apocalypse, but very obscurely, whence different people have expounded them in different ways. Here the exposition according to Nicholas of Lyra is given. First, in John’s salutation at the beginning on behalf of God and the seven spirits who are before His throne, the seven offices of the angels that they exercise toward us are signified. Folio 168, at the end and on the following folio.

In the one whom John saw in the midst of the seven candlesticks, like the Son of Man, seven qualities are described that signify the seven virtues that were in Christ and are in every saint. Folio 169.

Then, in the throne in heaven that John saw and the one sitting upon it, is signified the majesty of the most holy Trinity governing the Church. Folio 170, at the beginning.

Then, in the book sealed with seven seals, is signified knowledge then hidden from men concerning seven ministries, namely the seven successive persecutions of the Church under gentile emperors down to Constantine. Folio 170 and the following folio.

Then, in the seven angels sounding trumpets, are signified seven other persecutions succeeding those already mentioned, especially those of the heretics. Folio 172.

On the consolation given to the Church in its persecutions and the fruit of devotion arising from it. Folio 173.

In the woman who appeared in heaven clothed with the sun and with the moon beneath her feet is signified the deliverance of the Church by Emperor Heraclius against certain persons. In Michael’s fight against the dragon is signified Michael’s aid to the Church against the devil and his persecutors, while the dragon’s seven heads are the seven capital vices. Folio 174.

In the beast ascending from the earth is signified the persecution under Muhammad. Folio 175.

In the seven angels having seven plagues are signified seven other tribulations of the Church at different times, in the time of Charlemagne and other successors. Folio 176.

In the angel holding the key of the abyss and seizing the dragon is signified Pope Innocent III, under whom the mendicant orders arose. Folio 178.

Afterward, and also earlier in different places, are signified the persecution of Antichrist, the punishments of the reprobate, and the glory of the blessed. Folio 178.

Chapter Two: On the Primitive Church from the Matters Contained in the Acts of the Apostles, Principally Concerning Peter and Paul

First, on the election of Matthias in Judas’s place. It begins, “Jerome in the prologue.” Folio 178.

On the sending of the Holy Spirit upon the disciples on the day of Pentecost, and Peter’s preaching, through which three thousand were baptized. Folio 179, at the beginning.

On the lame man remaining at the gate of the temple, healed by Peter; Peter’s subsequent preaching, through which five thousand were converted; and the threats made by magistrates and priests that the apostles should not preach. Folio 179.

On Ananias and Sapphira committing fraud concerning the price of their sold field and their punishment; the apostles’ arrest for preaching and their scourging; the counsel taken by the Pharisees concerning what they should do to the apostles; and Gamaliel’s speech on their behalf. Folio 179.

On the murmur that arose between the Greek and Hebrew converts, on account of which seven deacons were appointed, the first of whom was Stephen, who was stoned after disputing against the Jews. Folio 179, at the end.

On Simon Magus, who after being baptized offered Peter money to obtain the grace of conferring the Holy Spirit; and on the eunuch reading Isaiah on the road, converted by Philip the deacon. Folio 180.

On Paul’s persecution of the Church and his conversion; the healing of the paralytic Aeneas by Peter; and the raising of Tabitha by him. Folio 180.

On the centurion Cornelius, baptized by Peter with his household; the future famine throughout the whole world foretold by the prophet Agabus; the beheading of the apostle James; and Peter’s imprisonment by Herod, who at last was struck by an angel and died. Folio 180, at the end and on the following folio.

On Paul and Barnabas being commissioned by the apostles, at the Holy Spirit’s command, to preach to the gentiles; their expulsion from the city because of their preaching at the instigation of the Jews; and the healing of a lame man by Paul, on account of which the bystanders adored Paul and Barnabas as gods, which they refused. Folio 181.

On the question that arose among converts from Judaism concerning whether circumcision must be observed as necessary, Paul and Barnabas contradicting them. To settle it, the apostles gathered at Jerusalem and determined and commanded that circumcision should not be imposed upon the gentiles. This was the first council. Folio 181.

On the separation between Paul and Barnabas over the reception of Mark, Barnabas’s cousin; and on Paul afterward taking Timothy, whom he also circumcised to remove scandal. On the deliverance from the devil of a girl who had a divining spirit; because her masters lost their profit and her divination ceased, they seized Paul and Silas and caused them to be beaten and imprisoned. When they heard that Paul and Silas were Roman citizens, they permitted them to depart free. Folio 182, at the beginning.

On the persecution stirred up against Paul while he preached at Thessalonica; and afterward on his preaching or disputation at Athens with Epicurean and Stoic philosophers, and Paul’s inquiry at the Areopagus upon the altar of the unknown God, through which Dionysius the Areopagite was converted. Folio 181.

On Paul’s journey through different places to preach, the persecution of the Jews against him, and Apollos, who, having been baptized only with John’s baptism, was afterward baptized with Christ’s baptism. Folio 182.

On certain disciples baptized only with John’s baptism who, after being baptized with Christ’s baptism, visibly received the Holy Spirit; on the many miracles worked by Paul; on the sons of a priest, exorcists who adjured those possessed by demons in Paul’s name and were attacked by them; on Demetrius the silversmith, who stirred up a sedition against Paul because the worship of Diana was being brought to nothing; and on the raising of Eutychus, who fell from the window of the upper room while listening to Paul’s preaching. Folio 182.

On Paul, concerning whom Agabus bound himself with a belt and prophesied that Paul would be bound in the same way. Paul nevertheless did not, at the urging of the faithful, withdraw from going to Jerusalem. There, at the counsel of James the Less and others, he entered the temple as if to fulfill a vow, and because of this a great tumult of Jews arose against him, crying out for his death. When a very great crowd had gathered and he related his conversion, the sedition against him increased still more, on account of which the tribune caused him to be led into his headquarters and scourged; but when Paul declared that he was a Roman citizen, the tribune ceased to scourge him. Led on the following day before the council of the Jews, Paul defended himself, but, when he was not heard, cried out that he was a Pharisee. This produced a division among those present, with the Pharisees defending him as innocent and the others accusing him. When Paul had been returned to the barracks, certain men vowed not to eat unless they first killed him. Paul’s nephew heard this and revealed it to Paul and then to the tribune, whereupon the tribune sent Paul under armed escort to the governor Felix. Folio 183.

The Jews came to Caesarea before Felix, to whom Paul had been sent, and accused him of many things as a pestilent man. Paul, answering each charge, showed their falsehood; hence he was neither absolved nor condemned. After Governor Festus came to Caesarea, the Jews accused Paul before him and asked that Paul be sent to Jerusalem to be judged there, intending to kill him on the road. When Festus attempted this and asked whether Paul would consent, Paul perceived the danger and appealed to Caesar. Later, when Agrippa came to Caesarea to visit Festus, Paul was summoned and examined before them. He spoke so excellently in his own defense that Agrippa said he could have been released if he had not appealed. Folio 183, at the end.

On Paul being sent by sea to Caesar, to whom he had appealed; his voyage; and the shipwreck from which all escaped through Paul’s merits. After they had disembarked, the broken ship was submerged. On the island of Mytilene they gathered wood and made a fire. When Paul placed a bundle upon the fire, a viper came out of the wood and bit him; when it did him no harm, the crowd standing by worshiped him as a god. There also Paul healed the father of Publius, the leading man of that island, from fevers and dysentery, and healed many others. At last they arrived at Rome. Having summoned the Jews, Paul cleared himself of the charges and explained the reason for his arrival; afterward he preached publicly at Rome. Folio 184.

Here ends the Acts of the Apostles.

Chapter Three: On the Blessed Virgin Mary and Her Life after Christ’s Ascension

It begins, “If it is asked.” Folio 184.

On her passing, or Assumption. Folio 185.

Chapter Four: On the Apostle Peter

But first, on Peter and Paul together. It begins, “Afterward.” Folio 185.

On Peter’s calling and the period in which he remained at Jerusalem, afterward sat at Antioch, and finally at Rome for twenty-five years; and on his daughter Petronilla. Folio 185, at the end and on the following folio.

On the long contest Peter had against Simon Magus to expose his magical works. At last, when Simon attempted to ascend into heaven, he fell at Peter’s prayer and was shattered; because of this Peter was arrested by Nero. Folio 186.

That Peter, foreknowing his martyrdom, designated Clement as pope in the presence of the faithful; and on his epistles. Folio 186, in the last column.

On Peter’s martyrdom upon the cross. Folio 187.

Chapter Five: On the Blessed Apostle Paul

On his name, whence it is derived; his activity; and his wisdom. It begins, “Paul, although.” Folio 187.

On the raising of Patroclus, Nero’s cupbearer; the sentence given against Paul; his beheading; and the praises of Paul by John Chrysostom. Folio 187.

On the teaching of Paul’s epistles, and especially the Epistle to the Romans. At its beginning, because the converts from Judaism preferred themselves to the converts from the gentiles, the apostle humbles both by different arguments, showing that all have sinned and need the grace of God, since good works are not sufficient for salvation without grace. Folio 188.

That original sin is transmitted from Adam to all, from which arises the battle in us between sensuality and reason, a battle not conquered except through grace. Folio 188.

On foreknowledge and predestination in chapter eight; the rejection of the Jews; and the election of the gentiles, the reason for which is known to God alone, just as is the foreknowledge or predestination of any person, down to chapter twelve. Folio 188, at the end.

Thereafter he exhorts them to virtuous works, to serve one another through the gifts bestowed upon them, and to show obedience to superiors; and he treats things offered to idols. Folio 189.

On the epistles he sent to the Corinthians. At the beginning he praises them magnificently, namely with respect to those among them who were perfect. Then he rebukes the contentions they created concerning those who baptized them, as though they understood the effect of baptism to come from the baptizer and not from Christ. Folio 189.

On the foundation of the spiritual building, which is living faith in Christ; the different kinds of building upon it; the ministers of sacred things, who are to be regarded not as their authors but as stewards; and not judging others. Folio 189.

On the incestuous man whom Paul excommunicated for abusing his stepmother; and on avoiding the excommunicated, but not other unbelievers or wicked Christians. Folio 190, at the beginning.

On avoiding fornication and other carnal vices; the marriage of believers and unbelievers; and the mutual service of spouses. Folio 190.

On abstinence from things offered to idols; and how temporal things may be received from laypeople by those who sow spiritual things. The apostle himself, however, abstained from these and sought his livelihood through the labor of his hands. Folio 190.

On the sacraments of the New Law prefigured in the old; and his admonition to abstain from several vices for whose perpetration certain people in the Old Testament were gravely punished. Folio 190.

On the distribution of graces, which are given differently to different persons, and the different offices in the Church through which some serve others after the example of the members of the human body. Folio 190.

On the marvelous commendation of charity, how in many respects it surpasses all the virtues; and that the gift of prophecy is greater than that of tongues. Folio 190.

On the final resurrection of bodies, which is proved from Christ’s Resurrection; the four endowments of the glorified body; and the collections to be made, namely alms for those who were in Jerusalem. Folio 190, at the end.

He wrote one epistle to the Hebrews, in which he shows Christ’s dignity above the angels and also above Moses, the lawgiver of the Old Law, showing that Jesus was truly the great pontiff and a priest according to the order of Melchizedek. Folio 191.

He then shows that the law of the Gospel and the New Testament succeed the Old Law; that the things promised through the prophets, the tabernacle, and afterward Solomon’s temple were figures of the Church; and that the ancient sacrifices of animals and other ceremonies cease through Christ’s Passion. Folio 191.

On the definition of faith and its manifold commendation, showing that from Abel down to that time all great deeds were done through faith. Folio 191.

He exhorts to patience from the knowledge of Christ’s Passion and to other virtues. Folio 191.

Chapter Six: On John the Apostle and Evangelist

That for three reasons he was a beloved intimate of Christ; and there, whether he or Peter loved Christ more. It begins, “John, the brother.” Folio 191, at the end.

On certain of his moral deeds. Folio 192.

On his miracles and the raising of the dead. Folio 192.

On John’s body and the several opinions concerning where it is. Folio 192.

Chapter Seven: On James the Greater

That, going to Spain to preach, he converted only two persons, or according to others nine. Returning from there to Jerusalem, he preached and confirmed his teaching with miracles. He converted Philetus, who had been sent by Hermogenes to refute his teaching, and at last also Hermogenes himself, who was bound by demons and led before James; and on James’s martyrdom. It begins, “James.” Folio 192.

On his burial, the devotion of the faithful in visiting his shrine, and a certain miracle. Folio 193.

Chapter Eight: On James the Less

Because of his exceptional holiness he was made archbishop at Jerusalem to govern the primitive Church gathered there; why he is called the brother of the Lord; and why he was called the Just because of his exceeding holiness. Christ also appeared to him in a singular manner after rising. It begins, “James the Less.” Folio 193, at the end.

On his preaching concerning Christ and his martyrdom. Folio 194.

Chapter Nine: On the Apostle Andrew

On his preaching in Achaia, his disputation with the unbelieving proconsul Aegeas, and his martyrdom upon a cross. Folio 194.

On his miracles in life; and how after death he freed a certain most devout bishop from peril to his soul. Folio 194.

Chapter Ten: On the Apostle Thomas

When he had raised from the dead the brother of the king who had imprisoned him to be burned, through that brother he disclosed a marvelous palace constructed in heaven from the treasure of the king himself that had been distributed to the poor. It begins, “Thomas.” Folio 195.

On his martyrdom, because he was pierced by a lance. Folio 195.

Chapter Eleven: On the Blessed Apostle Philip

After raising the dead, he was at last fastened to a cross. It begins, “Philip.” Folio 195.

Chapter Twelve: On the Holy Apostle Bartholomew

Through the idol Berith the devil gave several signs by which Bartholomew might be recognized among others; and Bartholomew baptized King Polemius with his wife and children. Folio 195.

On the martyrdom inflicted upon him by King Astyages, brother of the said Polemius: he was flayed and afterward crucified or beheaded, according to different opinions. Folio 196.

Chapter Thirteen: On the Blessed Apostle and Evangelist Matthew

Going to Ethiopia, he exposed the deceit of the magicians Zaroes and Arphaxat and caused them to be expelled from there; and he converted Egippus, king of those peoples, with his entire household to the faith. It begins, “Matthew.” Folio 196.

On his martyrdom by King Hirtacus, successor of Egippus, because Matthew publicly rebuked him for seeking to have as wife Iphigenia, the daughter of King Egippus, who had been dedicated to God with the sacred veil. Folio 196.

Chapter Fourteen: On the Apostles Simon and Jude, or Thaddeus

At last they went together into Persia and preached that the war being prepared against the Indians would end through the reconciliation of the two peoples, as happened. The magicians Zaroes and Arphaxat were confounded, and the apostles were held in great veneration. It begins, “Simon.” Folio 196, at the end.

On their martyrdom and the deliverance of a certain deacon from an accusation of fornication made against him, through the speech of an infant born that day. Folio 197.

Chapter Fifteen: On the Apostle Matthias

Elected in Judas’s place, he was struck in the head with an axe. It begins, “Matthias.” Folio 197.

Chapter Sixteen: On Mark the Evangelist

He was Peter’s disciple and journeyed with him to Rome. At Rome he wrote for the faithful a Gospel from the things Peter preached. It begins, “After those twelve.” Folio 197.

On his martyrdom: a rope was placed around his neck, and he was dragged through the city of Alexandria and torn apart. Folio 198.

Chapter Seventeen: On Luke the Evangelist

He was a disciple of the apostles and Paul’s inseparable companion in his travels, and he remained a virgin. He died in Bithynia in the eighty-third year of his life. It begins, “Luke.” Folio 198.

Chapter Eighteen: On the Apostle Barnabas

He was given to Paul as a companion in preaching to the gentiles, and he was excellently governed with respect to himself, God, and his neighbor. It begins, “Barnabas.” Folio 198.

On his martyrdom by fire. Folio 198.

Chapter Nineteen: On Blessed Mary Magdalene, Martha, and Lazarus

It begins, “Among Christ’s.” Folio 198, at the end.

On Mary Magdalene’s arrival at Marseille with several others and her later raising of the duke’s wife, who had died in childbirth aboard ship. Folio 199.

On her penitence and passing. Folio 199.

Chapter Twenty: On Martha, Her Sister, and the Austerity of Her Life

It begins, “Martha.” Folio 199.

On her passing. Frontonius, summoned by Christ to her burial, buried her with the Lord Himself. Folio 199.

Chapter Twenty-One: On the Roman Emperors of Those Times

It begins, “After the foundation.” Folio 199, at the end and on the following folio.

On Emperor Tiberius, who succeeded Octavian Augustus, and his praiseworthy character. Folio 200.

On his vices, especially gluttony and drunkenness. Folio 200.

On the famous deception of Paulina carried out in the temple of Isis at Rome. Folio 200.

On Herod, who was imprisoned by Tiberius because he wished for Tiberius’s death so that Gaius might succeed him in the empire. Folio 201.

On Gaius being made emperor by Tiberius and the elevation of Herod Agrippa. Folio 201.

On the most wicked character of the aforesaid Gaius, although he was educated in the liberal disciplines. Folio 201.

On Philo the historian. Folio 202.

Chapter Twenty-Two

After the death of Gaius, who was killed, Claudius received the empire. Folio 202.

On Claudius’s wicked character and his death, and on Herod’s death. Folio 203, at the beginning.

Chapter Twenty-Three: On Emperor Nero

He was the husband of Octavia, daughter of Emperor Claudius, and through the persuasions of Agrippina, Claudius’s wife, he was designated emperor by Claudius in place of Claudius’s own son. For five years he was very modest and, while almost still a boy, acquired nearly all the liberal disciplines; but afterward he was most wicked and was greatly devoted to music. When the apostle Paul had appealed and been brought to Rome, Nero had already ruled for two years. Disdaining the contention between the Jews and Christians concerning the Law, he permitted Paul to move freely through the city with only one guard. Folio 203.

On his most wicked character, wantonness, pomp, and cruelty. Folio 203, at the end.

On his death. Folio 204.

Chapter Twenty-Four: On the Sages of the World Who Flourished at That Time

First, on Seneca. It begins, “In these times.” Folio 204.

On his notable sayings from different books. Folio 204.

On moral maxims from his epistles to Lucilius. Folio 204, at the end and throughout the following three folios.

On Seneca’s death and his error concerning the worship of idols. Folio 206.

On choice passages from Persius, the satirical poet. Folio 206.

On choice passages from the poet Juvenal. Folio 206.

On choice passages from Quintilian. Folio 206, at the end.

On his choice passages in the Book of Causes. Folio 208.

Chapter Twenty-Five: On Those Who Suffered Martyrdom under Nero

First, on Vitalis, his wife Valeria, and their sons Gervasius and Protasius. Folio 207.

On Martial, kinsman of blessed Stephen. Folio 208.

On Savinianus and two others from the number of Christ’s seventy-two disciples. Folio 208, at the end.

On four saints under the name Saint Julian. Folio 209.

On three saints named Saturninus. Folio 209.

On the first seven deacons and Lazarus, bishop of Marseille. Folio 209.

On Longinus, who pierced Christ’s side. Folio 209, at the end.

Chapter Twenty-Six: On the Disciples of the Apostle Peter

First, on Clement, who was the paternal uncle of Saint Clement the pope. It begins, “Concerning certain.” Folio 210, at the beginning.

[Running head: Seventh Title]

On Fronton, first bishop of the city of Périgueux, who gathered several disciples and led a religious life with them in the desert. Folio 210.

On Saint Apollinaris, first bishop of Ravenna. Folio 210.

On Saint Lucian and his great abstinence. Folio 210.

On Saint Romulus, first bishop of Fiesole. Folio 211, at the beginning.

Chapter Twenty-Seven: On Saint Nazarius

He was the son of blessed Perpetua; and on his martyrdom. Blessed Ambrose found his body. Folio 210.

On Saint Mennius, bishop of the city of Châlons. Folio 211.

Chapter Twenty-Eight: On the Disciples of Paul

The foremost of them was Dionysius the Areopagite, the first doctor of the Church. Folio 211, at the end.

On his conversion to the faith when he was a philosopher, and his martyrdom. Folio 212, at the beginning.

On the companions of Dionysius, namely Sanctinus, Antoninus, Caureanus, Regulus, and Ionius. Folio 212.

On Saint Eutropius, fellow companion of Dionysius, whose passion Dionysius himself wrote; and on his companions Eugenius and Taurinus. Folio 212.

On Saint Thecla, disciple of Paul. Folio 213.

On several other disciples of Paul, such as Timothy, bishop of the Ephesians, Trophimus, Titus, and the virgins Potentiana and Praxedes, as well as others. Folio 214.

Seventh Title

It begins with the reign of Vespasian, who was made emperor while he was at the siege of Jerusalem. Folio 213, in the last column.

On the destruction of Jerusalem accomplished by his son Titus, who had fought there on the Romans’ behalf. Folio 214.

On the most bitter famine that oppressed those under siege. Folio 214.

On the widow who ate her son because of the famine during that siege. Folio 214.

On the capture of the city and the extermination that occurred on account of Christ’s death. Folio 215.

On Josephus, the Jewish historian. Folio 215.

On the reign of Titus, who succeeded his father Vespasian, and his excellent character. Folio 215.

On Domitian, brother of Titus, who succeeded him in the empire, and his most wicked character. Folio 215.

On the second persecution of the Church, stirred up by Domitian himself. He exiled John the Evangelist to Patmos, and under him Nereus and Achilleus, chamberlains of the virgin Domitilla, Domitian’s niece, suffered martyrdom, as did Domitilla herself. Folio 216.

On Domitian’s assassination; he had also commanded that descendants of the family of David be killed. Folio 216.

On Nerva, who succeeded Domitian in the empire. Under him certain people suffered martyrdom, and he governed well enough for one year and three months. Folio 216.

On Trajan, the tenth emperor, whom Nerva had adopted as a son. He subdued many nations and subjected them to the Roman Empire, governing excellently and caring for the republic. Folio 216.

On the philosopher Plutarch, Trajan’s teacher, and the letters sent to Trajan to instruct him. Folio 216.

On blessed Ignatius the martyr, his epistle to the glorious Virgin, and his martyrdom under Trajan. Folio 217, at the beginning.

Chapter Two: On the Supreme Pontiffs from Peter to the Time of Trajan

The first of them was Linus, the second Cletus, the third Clement, and the fourth Anacletus. It begins, “Because.” Folio 217.

On Pope Clement and the marvelous rediscovery of his father, mother, and brothers. Folio 217.

On his exile and martyrdom. After Anacletus, Pope Evaristus succeeded him. Folio 218.

Chapter Three: On Phocas, Bishop and Martyr

He suffered under Trajan. It begins, “Under Trajan.” Folio 218 and the following folio.

On the atrocity of the persecution against Christians and Pliny the Younger, who wrote a letter to Trajan in praise of the Christians. Folio 219.

On notable sayings of Pliny excerpted from his Natural History and his epistles. Folio 219.

On Trajan’s death; because of his excellent rule, he was elevated among the gods by the Romans. Folio 219.

Chapter Four: On Emperor Hadrian, the Twelfth Emperor

He was very learned and rebuilt Jerusalem, calling it Aelia from his own name, for he was called Aelius. In his time Aquila flourished, the second translator of the Old Law after the Seventy. It begins, “Hadrian.” Folio 219, at the end.

On the philosopher Secundus, who kept silence at all times because he had been the cause of his mother’s death; and how this happened, as may be seen there. Folio 220.

On the notable maxims of this philosopher Secundus, given in writing as answers to Emperor Hadrian’s questions. Not even threats of death could bend him to speak. Folio 220.

On Quadratus, a bishop who suffered martyrdom, and Aristides. Each presented Hadrian with a book written in defense of the Christian religion. Folio 220.

Chapter Five: On Pope Alexander

He succeeded Evaristus and converted many illustrious Romans, especially Hermes and Quirinus; and on their martyrdom. It begins, “Alexander.” Folio 220, at the end.

On Saint Sixtus I, who succeeded Alexander and was the seventh after Peter; and on the martyrs Peregrinus and Taurinus. Folio 221.

On Eustace, commander of the soldiers, and how he marvelously found again his lost wife Theospita and his sons Agapitus and Theospitus, all of whom were crowned with martyrdom. Folio 221.

On the ten thousand crucified upon Mount Ararat and their marvelous conversion. Folio 222.

On Saint Sophia and her three daughters Faith, Hope, and Charity, who were crowned with martyrdom. Folio 222.

On the virgin Serapia; Sabina, a most noble Roman widow; Mary; Faustinus; and Jobitta, who suffered under Emperor Hadrian. Folio 223.

Chapter Six: On the Supreme Pontiffs Who Governed the Church in Those Times

Namely Telesphorus, who succeeded Sixtus; after him Hyginus; Pius succeeding Hyginus; then Anicetus; after him Soter; and after Soter, Eleutherius. It begins, “In the papacy.” Folio 223.

On Polycarp, bishop and martyr, bishop of the Smyrnaeans in the time of Emperor Antoninus. Folio 222.

On Papias, bishop in Asia and heresiarch of the millenarians. Irenaeus, Apollinaris, Tertullian, Victorinus, and Lactantius followed that heresy; all of them were crowned with martyrdom, and how they may be excused from that error is treated. Folio 223, at the end.

On Justin the philosopher and historian, who produced several books in defense of the faith. A book on the Christian religion that he produced rendered Antoninus Pius benevolent to the Christians. Justin was crowned with martyrdom. Folio 224.

On several martyrs, namely Bishop Photinus, the woman Blandina, and Saint Sanctus the deacon, and their marvelous endurance. Folio 224.

On Saint Felicity, who suffered with her seven sons under Emperor Antoninus. Folio 224, at the end.

On Antoninus Pius, who succeeded Hadrian in the empire as his adopted son through marriage. Under him flourished Apollonius, Basilides, the philosopher Taurus, the physician Galen, and the astrologer Ptolemy. Folio 225.

On Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, the two sons of Antoninus who succeeded him in the empire. Folio 225.

On the martyrs Victor, the woman Corona, Concordius, Marcellus, and Valerius. Folio 225.

On Hegesippus, who wrote histories of ecclesiastical deeds; and on Dionysius, Theophilus, and Apollinaris, most learned men. Folio 226, at the beginning.

On the deaths of the emperors Aurelius and Marcus. Under them flourished Theodotion, the second translator of the Old Testament after the Seventy, the philosopher Atticus, and the orator Fronto. Folio 226.

On the marvelous history of the most noble virgin Eugenia. Learned in the liberal arts and pretending to be male, she took up the monastic habit with Protus and Hyacinthus. On Melantia’s false accusation against her before Eugenia’s father Philip, then governor of Alexandria; the exposure of Melantia’s falsehood; Eugenia’s recognition by her father and brothers; their conversion to the faith; their return to the city; and their martyrdom. Folio 226 and the following folio.

On the senator Julius, Antoninus, and Vincent, martyred under Emperor Commodus. Folio 227.

On Helvius Pertinax, who succeeded in the empire. After Helvius, the jurist Julian, Helvius’s killer, succeeded and usurped the empire for himself; but Severus killed Julian and received the empire. Severus ruled well and was succeeded by his most wicked son Antoninus Caracalla. Folio 227.

On Narcissus, bishop of Jerusalem. Three men who falsely accused him were most gravely punished through their own perjury. Folio 228.

On Saint Cecilia and Valerian, her husband, and Tiburtius, his kinsman, who were converted by her and crowned with martyrdom. Folio 228 throughout.

On the marvelous martyrdom of the virgin Martina. Folio 229.

On Pope Callistus and his martyrdom under Alexander. Folio 229.

On Pope Urban and his martyrdom under the prefect Almachius. Folio 230.

On the martyrs Quirinus and his mother Julitta; and on the jurist Ulpian. Folio 230.

On Ulpian’s origin, austere life, eloquence, many errors, and the different opinions concerning him. Folio 230.

On his notable sayings. Folio 230.

Chapter Seven: On the Emperors after Emperor Alexander

Emperor Alexander was killed through the treachery of Maximinus, who then seized the Roman Empire. Maximinus himself was killed by Pupienus. Pupienus and Balbinus then seized the Roman Empire; after they were immediately killed, Gordian succeeded. Many matters concerning them are treated there. It begins, “To the history.” Folio 231.

On Emperor Gordian and his son Gordian, who governed excellently; he subjected many nations rebelling against the empire; and on his death and Pope Pontian. Folio 232.

On Emperor Philip, who reigned after procuring Gordian’s death and made his son Philip a partner in the empire. Folio 233.

On Emperor Decius, who killed Philip and usurped the empire for himself. He held it for one year and three months; in his time Saint Agatha was martyred in Sicily by the prefect Quintian. Folio 233.

On the Seven Sleepers enclosed in a cave at Ephesus. Folio 234.

On the martyrs Peter, Dionysia, and Tryphon. Folio 234.

On Saint Reparata the martyr; Abdon and Sennen under the rulers; Permenius and Secundianus; and the brothers Pergentinus and Laurentinus at the city of Arezzo. Folio 234.

On Gallus Hostilianus and his son Volusian ruling after the death of Decius; and the question that arose concerning the rebaptism of heretics. Folio 235.

On the supreme pontiffs: Pope Fabian, who succeeded Pontian, and Cornelius, who succeeded Fabian. In Cornelius’s time a schism arose between him and the antipope Novatian, who became a heresiarch. Concerning this schism there are epistles of Cyprian to Cornelius and of Dionysius of Alexandria to Novatian. On Pope Lucius after Cornelius; after Lucius was crowned with martyrdom, Stephen ascended Peter’s chair and was himself a martyr; Sixtus II followed him in the papacy. Folio 235, at the end and on the following folio.

Chapter Eight: On Valerian and His Son Gallienus

They ruled after the killing of Gallus and Volusian. Valerian was at first benevolent to Christians, but afterward became a persecutor. It begins, “After the killing.” Folio 236.

On the aforesaid Gallienus, son of Valerian, who according to some was called Decius. Under him Sixtus and Lawrence suffered. Valerian, however, was captured by the king of the Persians and held in shameful servitude. Folio 237.

[Running head: Eighth Title]

On Macrinus receiving the empire and advancing against Gallienus; Odaenathus reigning in the East, whose wife Zenobia stirred up many battles against the Romans; Maximus being made emperor in Gaul; and the great fragmentation of the empire. Folio 237.

On those crowned with martyrdom under Valerian and Gallienus; and on Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, crowned with martyrdom. Folio 238.

On his short works and certain notable sayings from his books. Folio 238.

On Dionysius, bishop and martyr of Alexandria, who also wrote many works. Folio 238.

On Gregory, bishop of Neocaesarea, who was greatly feared by demons. Folio 238.

On the martyrdom of Sixtus and Lawrence. Folio 239.

On the martyrs Hippolytus, Concordia, Tryphonia, and Cyrillus. Folio 239.

On the great veneration of blessed Lawrence and his miracles. Folio 239, at the end and on the following folio.

On the many martyrs under the most cruel persecution of Decius, especially Julian the martyr, the virgin Apollonia, Marinus, Minias at Florence, and certain others. Folio 240.

On Emperor Claudius fighting and defeating Aureolus, who had usurped the empire for himself; and on Claudius’s brother Quintillus, who succeeded him and was killed after a few days. Folio 240.

On Emperor Aurelian, who defeated the nation of the Goths in hard battles, crushed the Franks, and checked other nations in their insolence. Folio 241.

On the hard war Aurelian waged against Zenobia, who ruled in the East with great armies and riches. Aurelian captured her and, while triumphing at Rome, compelled her to walk before him. Folio 241 and the following folio.

On Emperor Tacitus, created after Aurelian. When Tacitus was killed, his brother Florian succeeded him and was himself killed by the soldiers. Folio 242.

On Probus, who received the empire after Florian as if compelled. He governed excellently and brought under the empire many regions that had rebelled against it. When he was killed, Carus succeeded in the empire; Carus was succeeded by his son Numerian; after Numerian was killed, Carinus received the empire. Folio 242 throughout.

On the supreme pontiffs who held Peter’s chair from the time of Valerian and Gallienus to the time of Diocletian. Sixtus II was succeeded by Felix I; when Felix completed his martyrdom, Eutychian received Peter’s chair; after Eutychian’s martyrdom, Gaius governed the Church; after Gaius was martyred, Pope Marcellinus succeeded. Although Marcellinus erred for a time by offering incense to idols, he exposed his error in a council, repented, and offered himself to martyrdom. After him Marcellus was created supreme pontiff; when Marcellus was martyred, he left the Church to Eusebius; when Eusebius was removed from their midst through martyrdom, Melchiades was created pope. Folio 243.

Chapter Nine: On the Many Who Suffered in Different Places in the Time of the Aforesaid Emperors

First, on Marius and Martha with their two sons. It begins, “On the martyrs.” Folio 243.

On Caesarius and Julian, who suffered at Terracina, and Leontius. Folio 243.

On the martyr Favinus; the brothers Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus; and the martyrs Jonilla, Leonilla, and Benignus. Folio 244.

On the martyr Symphorian, Andochius, and the others. Folio 244.

On the martyr Agapitus and certain others. Folio 244.

On the martyr Maurus and Saint Babylas with three boys. Folio 244, at the end.

On Chrysanthus and Daria, concerning whom beautiful things are related. Folio 245 throughout.

On Saint Pelagia, a prostitute converted by the prayers of a bishop; and on Mani the heresiarch. Folio 246.

Eighth Title: On the Persecution of Diocletian and Maximian against the Church

Diocletian commanded that he be adored as a god and was the first to order gems set into his garments. He made Maximian Herculius Caesar, sent him into Gaul, and afterward made him Augustus. It begins, “Therefore, of the Romans.” Folio 246.

On Mauritius and his six thousand six hundred and sixty-six companions, crowned with martyrdom by Maximian. Folio 246, at the end.

On the greatest cruelty against Christians and the edict issued by Diocletian that churches should be razed to their foundations and sacred scriptures burned with fire. Folio 247.

On Saint Victor the martyr. Folio 247.

On the Four Crowned Martyrs. Folio 247.

On Saints Sebastian, Mark, and Marcellian; Chromatius, prefect of the city; and his son Tiburtius. Folio 247, at the end and on the following folio.

On Saint Erasmus, bishop and martyr. Folio 249.

On Saint Boniface the martyr, who formerly persisted in adultery with Aglae, a noble Roman woman. Folio 249.

On Saint Juliana the martyr. Folio 250.

On Saints Cosmas and Damian. Folio 250.

On Saint Blaise, bishop and martyr. Folio 250.

On Saint Dorothy. Folio 251.

On Saints Agricola and Vitalis at Bologna. Folio 251.

On Sabinus, bishop and martyr, and Januarius, bishop and martyr at Naples. Folio 251.

On the martyrs Saints Anastasia and Chrysogonus and the letters sent between them; and on Agape, Chionia, and Irene, servants of Anastasia. Folio 251, at the end and on the following folio.

On Saint Barbara, a martyr at Nicomedia; and on the martyrs Saint Eulalia and Saint Euphemia. Folio 252.

On Saint Christina the martyr. Folio 253.

On Bishop Narcissus, who entered the house of a famous prostitute named Afra and converted her. Folio 253.

On Genesius, a martyr in the city. Folio 254.

On Julian and Basilissa. Folio 254.

On Celsus, son of the governor. Folio 255.

On the seven sons of Carinus. Folio 255.

On the completion of the martyrdom of the aforesaid Julian. Folio 255.

On Saint Cyprian, formerly a magician, and the virgin Justina, who converted him. Folio 256.

On blessed Vincent the martyr under Dacian at the city of Caesaraugusta. Folio 256.

On blessed George the martyr. Folio 257.

On Faith, a woman, virgin, and martyr; and on the martyrs Caprasius, Felix, Justus, and Pastor. Folio 257.

On the blessed martyrs Theodore and Pantaleon the physician. Folio 258.

On the martyrs Cucuphas, Donatian, Novatian, and Pancratius. Folio 258 and the following folio.

On Saint Adrian the martyr and his wife Natalia. Folio 259.

On Saints Cyriacus, Largus, and Smaragdus. Folio 259, at the end.

On the martyrs Saints Marcellinus, Peter, Artemius, Sergius, and Bacchus. Folio 260.

On Saints Primus and Felicianus, and Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia. Folio 259, in the last column and on the following folio.

On the martyrs Dorotheus and Gorgonius. Folio 261.

On many martyrs who suffered together at Nicomedia. Folio 261.

On Saint Lucy, a martyr who suffered at Syracuse in Sicily. Folio 261, at the end.

On Saints Lucy the widow and Geminian, and on Lucia, virgin and martyr. Folio 262.

On Saint Catherine, virgin and martyr, who suffered at Alexandria under Maxentius, son of Maximian. Folio 262.

On Saint Agnes, virgin and martyr, in the city of Rome. Folio 263.

On blessed Margaret of Antioch, virgin and martyr, who suffered under Olybrius. Folio 273.

On blessed Christopher the martyr and Nicetas and Aquilina, converted by him. Folio 264.

On Saint Antoninus the martyr. Folio 265.

On Saint Romanus the martyr. Folio 265.

On Saint Marinus, boy and martyr. Folio 265.

On Saint Lucian the martyr and a certain matron with two daughters, who immersed themselves in water to avoid rape. Folio 265.

On Peter, bishop and martyr of the city of Alexandria, to whom the schism of the Church caused by the heresiarch Arius was revealed; he excommunicated Arius. Folio 266.

On the forty martyrs sent into a most frigid pond. One of them, failing in faith, withdrew; but in his place the jailer immersed himself in the water and became a martyr. Folio 266.

Chapter Two: On the Cruelty of the Emperors Diocletian and Maximian

At last they were compelled to relinquish the empire while still living; and on Galerius Maximinus and Constantius, father of Constantine, who were made Caesars; and on Licinius, a kinsman of Constantine. It begins, “After the narrative.” Folio 266.

On the tyranny of Maxentius, son of Maximian. Constantine the Great went to war against him when he usurped the empire, defeated him, and killed him. Folio 266.

On the most cruel Galerius Maximinus, wholly given to lust. When God corrected him with a horrible disease and intolerable stench, and he was told that this had happened to him because of the persecution he had inflicted upon the Christians, he began to behave more mildly toward them; but a little later he returned to the frenzy of persecution. Folio 267.

On the impious edicts of the aforesaid Galerius Maximinus against the Christians; and on the piety and mercy of the Christians toward their persecutors when those persecutors were afflicted by want and sickness. Folio 267.

On Constantine’s victory against Emperor Maxentius, promised to him in the sign of the cross that was shown to him. Folio 268.

On Licinius’s victory against Maximinus. Folio 268.

On Licinius’s envy of Constantine’s glory, on account of which Licinius also stirred up a persecution against the Christians. Although he was Constantine’s kinsman, friend, and partner in the empire, Licinius made war against Constantine, but was defeated and killed by him. Folio 268.

On the contradictions or doubts that appear concerning Constantine’s deeds, namely whether he was faithful or a heretic. Folio 269.

On doubts concerning the finding of the Holy Cross and the donation Constantine made to the Church. Folio 269.

On Pamphilus, presbyter and martyr of Caesarea, who wrote many works; and on Eusebius of Caesarea. In addition to producing several books, Eusebius wrote a chronicle from the time of Abraham down to the three-hundredth year of the Lord, which Jerome translated from Greek into Latin. He also composed an ecclesiastical history, which Rufinus translated from Greek into Latin. On Lactantius Firmianus, who flourished around that time and produced several books. At that time there was also Porphyry, an exceptional philosopher but the Christians’ greatest enemy, who became a Christian from being a gentile and afterward apostatized. Folio 269, at the end.

The end. Praise be to God.