Among the Protestants, we have almost all the same Authors that have written on St. Matthew, and St. Mark; and they may be seen in the Grand Criticks, or in the Synopsis. Francis Gomar, John Brentius the Father, who wrote upon the whole Scripture, John Winckelman, whose Comment is with his other on St. Mark, see above. We have said something of him upon Genesis, see Abraham; and Francis Lambert, whose Comment was printed at Strasburg, in 1526, in 8vo. and at Frankfort, 1693, in 8vo. the third Edition. These have written upon St. Luke.
Francis Gomar explain’d only the first and second Chapters of St. Luke. His Performance is printed in the third Tome of his Works, of the Amsterdam Edition, 1644. in three Volumes in fol. He was of Bruges in Flanders, a Calvinist, and Professor at Leyden. He died in 1641.
Treatises and Dissertations upon St. Luke.
On the Person, and Gospel of St. Luke, see the Prefaces of Commentators, and Tillemont’s Ecclesiastical History, in the Article St. Luke.
Upon St. Luke, and Theophilus mentioned by him.
Joan. Gottlob Stoltzen, Vindiciæ Theophili Evangelici, Luc. I. in Thes. Theol. and in the first Tome of Philological Dissertations. It was printed before at Wittemberg, 1692, in 4to. He was a German Lutheran of Misnia.
Heuman has a particular Dissertation on Theophilus, mentioned by St. Luke, who inscribes to him the Book of the Acts. It is in the Philological Library, tom. 4. p. 483. and contains eleven Articles; wherein he examines who this Theophilus was, whether this be his true Name, and what his Dignity and Religion.
Theodore Hasæus has made an Addition to it, which contains one and twenty Articles, p. 521, 596. Heuman wrote a Letter to him on the same Subject, wherein he opposes his Opinion concerning this Theophilus; tom. 5. p. 530.
James Hasæus has a geographical and critical Observation upon the City where St. Luke wrote his Gospel; wherein he pretends to shew, that that of Macedon and Alexandria in Egypt, were the same: in the same Collection, tom. 4. p. 732.
He has, moreover, published a Dissertation upon Theophilus in fifteen Articles; in the same Tome, p. 1048, 1081. We have already spoken of him. We add, that he died in 1721. and the 32d year of his age.
Abraham Koebler, a German Lutheran, wrote likewise a Dissertation upon the Person of St. Luke; printed at Lipsick, in 1698, in 4to.
Upon Zachary, St. John, and Simeon the Just.
There are two Letters by M. le Pelletier, printed in the Memoirs of Trevoux: wherein he contends against the Misrepresentations made generally by Painters in their Pictures, contrary to the truth of History, by adding, according to their own Fancies, what St. Luke does not say either of Zachary, Father to St. John, or of Simeon the Just; for they describe them in the High-Priest’s Habit, notwithstanding Zachary was no more than a common Priest: and it does not appear that Simeon was a Priest; which this learned Man proves very evidently. His two Letters are curious, and instructive. Consult the Memoirs for January and March, in the Year 1705.
We have taken notice, in the Article upon St. Matthew, of Butner’s Inquiry concerning the Son of Zachary.
The Dissertation of Francis Baring, upon Zachary’s Tables, is in the second Tome of Philological Dissertations. He was a German Lutheran.
William of Zech, of whom we shall say something upon the second Epistle to the Corinthians, wrote of St. John in his Mother’s Womb; printed at Jena, 1680, in 4to.See Fabricius’s apocryphal Books of the New Testament, concerning Zachary, and St. John the Baptist.
Upon the Enrolment under Augustus, and the Birth of Jesus Christ.
James Perizonius wrote a Dissertation on the Enrolment appointed by the Emperor Augustus: It is in Latin, and printed at Franekar, in 1690, in 8vo. He discovers great Difficulties in what St. Luke relates of it, in his second Chapter; and endeavours to give a Solution of them.
Bartehelemi Richard, a German Lutheran, treated of the Enrolment made by the Emperor Augustus’s orders. This was printed at Wittemberg, in 1674, in 4to. And Gothlieb Wernsdorf, ibid. 1693, in 4to.
Daniel Spiegel, of whom we have said something on St. Mark, wrote two Disputations upon the Day and Year of Jesus Christ’s Birth; printed at Wittemberg, in 1666, in 4to.
David Vogel has written of the Stable where Jesus Christ was born, according to what St. Luke says, chap. 2. ver. 7. printed at Koningsberg, 1706, in 4to.
John Christopher Lech, a German Lutheran likewise, treated of our Saviour’s Cradle. This he printed at Wittemberg, 1675, in 4to. the second Edition.
John James Liebenwald, of the same Country and Religion, wrote upon the City of Bethlehem; printed at Lipsick, 1707, in 12mo. William Lyser, of whom we have said something upon the Old Testament, wrote of the Genealogy of Jesus Christ, as recorded by St. Luke; and of his Circumcision. Both the Works were printed at Wittemberg, in 1629, and 1672. in two Volumes in 4to.
John Pedan, a German Lutheran likewise, has described all the Circumstances of Jesus Christ’s Birth, according to St. Luke. This Work is printed at Koningsberg, in 1658, in 4to.
George Michael Pfefferkorn, who too was a German Lutheran, has made a kind of Comment on the Name given to Jesus Christ upon the Day of his Circumcision; printed at Altemburg, 1669, in 4to.
Upon the three Marys, and Magdalen.
It is matter of great inquiry, among the Commentators, who these three Marys, and Magdalen, were. Balthasar Sorio’s Apologetick, wherein he maintains that there was but one Magdalen, is against le Fevre of Estaples; and was printed at Saragossa, in 1521. He was of Valentia in Spain, and a Dominican; he died in 1557.
A Dissertation on the three Marys. See Origen in Matt. homil. 35. p. 131. Jacob. Fabri Stapulensis Tract. de eodem argumento.
Item, Jodoci Clichtovei Epistol. dedic. ad Franc. Molin. Paris. 1519. Casaubon, Exercit. 14.
Mauduit’s Analysis of the Gospels, tom. 2. Pezron’s Evangelical History, tom. 2.
Mauconduit. Dissertatio Apologetica pro Maria Magdalena, & Maria Lazari Sorore; Paris, 1685, in French.
Tillemont’s Ecclesiastical History, tom. 2. p. 30, and 512.
Baillet’s Lives of the Saints; on the 22d of July.
Augustin’s Dissertation on the three Marys; at Roan, 1699, in 4to.
And our Dissertation on the same Subject, before our Comment on St. Luke; and in the Collection of our Dissertations, tom. 3. p. 437.
Masson has written concerning the Adulteress; and pretends to prove her to be Mary Magdalen, and Mary of Bethany.
This Piece is in French, printed at Paris, in 1713, in 12mo. and divided into four Letters. In it the Author endeavours to justify the Adulteress, by shewing that she was not so criminal as is generally imagined. His good Intentions in this Particular, may deserve commendation; but it must be confessed, that he would have defended a better Cause with more success.
Bilebalde Pirekemer wrote a Dissertation to shew that Magdalen was not the Adulteress. It is among his Works printed at Frankfort, 1610, in fol. He was a German Lutheran; and died in 1530.
M. Trevet wrote against Anquetin, to shew that the Opinion which makes but one and the same Person of the Adulteress, of Mary of Bethany, and Mary Magdalen, is most conformable to Scripture. His Dissertation was printed at Paris, 1713, in 4to. It is divided into three Parts, and at the end, there are some Notes upon the Life of Mary Magdalen published by Baillet, whom he pretends to prove inconstant in his Criticism; to have committed considerable Mistakes, and to have been unaccurate in his Citations.
Upon Lazarus, and the rich Man.
Andrew Lewis Konigman, a German Lutheran, has written a Paradox upon Dives; printed at Kiel, in 1708, in 4to.
George Wedel has written upon Lazarus at the rich Man’s Gate, and the Purple Habit which the latter was cloathed with. These two Dissertations were printed in Latin, at Jena, 1708, in 4to. He examines particularly, what this Purple was, and the Byssus. By the Purple he supposes to be meant those rich Vestments which were used formerly by Kings and Princes; concerning which he has some very curious Inquiries. The Byssus was, in his opinion, a Habit different from the other, it being white. This was generally made use of for an under Garment, and the other was an upper one. There are many other Remarks which are worth notice.
Sebastian Nieman, of whom we have said something upon St. Matthew, made a Disputation; wherein he examines whether the History of the rich Man be true, or a mere Parable; printed at Jena 1669, in 4to.
George Wechner, a Lutheran of Silesia, who died in 1647, has a Disquisition concerning Abraham’s Bosom; which is mentioned in this History. It was printed in Poland, 1678, in 8vo. And Godfry Wegner, who has been taken notice of by us on St. Matthew, wrote upon the same Subject; printed at Frankfort, the same Year, in 4to.
Upon the Prodigal Son.
Levinus Ammon, otherwise Van der Mareden, of Flanders, a Carthusian, has made a Treatise upon the Parable of the Prodigal Son; printed at Louvain, 1543, in 8vo. He died in 1556.
Nicholas de Clemangis wrote one likewise on the same Subject, which is among his Works, printed at Leyden, 1613, in 4to. He was of the Diocess of Chalons in Champagne, a Paris Doctor; and died in 1440.
James Elsner, a Lutheran of Prussia, wrote a particular Observation on the first Habit put on the Prodigal Son, whereof there is mention in ch. 15. ver. 22; printed in the Bibliotheca Philologica, tom. 3. p. 938.
Zachary Huberus, a Calvinist of Zurich, has explain’d ver. 8. of the 19 Chapter where there is mention of Zaccheus. It is the fourth of his Dissertations printed at Franekar, 1702, in 4to.
Upon many different Subjects.
Salomon Deylingius, de Censu ab Augusto indicto; in his Sacred Observations, tom. 1. De Jesu sedente inter Doctores; Luke, chap. 2. ver. 46. ibid. tom. 3. chap. 30. De triplici, an duplici, an unica Maria; ibid. chap. 31. De Magistratibus Templi, &c. ad Luc. 23. ver. 4. & Act. 4. ver. 1, & 24. ibid. chap. 32.
Gaspar Henr. Graun, de Tetrarchis, Luc. 3. in the Thesaurus Dissert. Philolog. Ægidii Strauchii, seu Henrici Alischeri, de B. M. V. Natalibus; in Crenius’s fourth Fasciculus. Graun’s Piece was printed separately at Wittemberg, in 1684, in 4to. under the Name of Gaspar Henry Graverius; and this is his true Name. He was a German Lutheran.
The way to reconcile St. Matthew with St. Luke, as to the Genealogy of Jesus Christ. See Africanus’s Letter to Aristides, produced by Eusebius, in his Ecclesiastical History, Book 1. chap. 7. St. Augustin, de Consensu, l. 3. c. 3. and in his Retractations.
Maldonat likewise, in his Comment on chap. 3. of St. Luke, treats of it; as does M. de Marca, in his Dissertation de Stemmate Christi, whom we have mentioned on St. Matthew. F. Mauduit, in his Analysis of the Gospels. See his Dissertation on the Genealogy of Jesus Christ. The Bollandists, in Propylæo Maii. M. de Tillemont, Note 1. on St. Joseph, p. 502. and Notes 1, and 2. upon the Blessed Virgin, in his Ecclesiastical Memoirs. See likewise our Dissertation prefixed to St. Luke; and in the Collection of our Dissertations, t. 3. Spanheim, in his Dub. Evang. Part 1. Dub. 19, 20, 21, & seq.
A Dissertation on Cainaan, mentioned by St. Luke in this Genealogy. See above upon Genesis, in the Article of Dissertations.
Julii Bartolocci Dissertatio cur Christus, adhuc puer, ad diem festum Paschæ voluerit ascendere, in his Rabbinical Library, t. 3. p. 132. Henry Muller, de Sabbato Deutero-proto, chap. 6. of St. Luke, ver. 1. in the Thes. Dissert. Philol. tom. 2. John Frischmuth has also treated of it; see ibid. It had been before printed at Jena, in 1662, in 4to. He also expounded the 44th Verse of the 24th Chapter, where the Law and the Prophets are spoken of; printed ibid. 1665, in 4to. and in the Collection of his Works. See above.
Gerard Outthove has Observations on this Sabbath, in the Biblioth. Philolog. t. 5. p. 411, 422. Joseph Scaliger, de emendatione Temporum, l. 6. Casaubon, in his fourth Exercitation against Baronius; Lightfoot, on St. Luke; Toinard, in his Harmony mentioned by us in the first Article of this Part; and Cloppenburg, in his Letters to Lewis Capellus; printed in the 9th Tome of the Great Criticks.
Lud. Capel. de Paschate, & de Sabbato Deutero-proto; at Amsterdam, 1643, in 12mo. and among Cloppenburg’s Works; ibid. 1684, in 4to. Sebastian Schmid has also treated of it. His Piece is printed at Lipsick, 1686, in 4to.
Aug. Varenius, de Sinu Abrahæ, in St. Luke 16. ver. 22. at Rostock, 1685, in 4to. He put out also a Philological Reflection on the Passion, according to St. Luke, ibid. 1666, in 4to. an Exercitation on the bloody Sweat, and comforting Angel; ibid. 1680, in 8vo. The first is in the second Tome of Philological Dissertations.
Joan. Christ. Artst. de Lacrymis Christi, in the same Thesaurus. This Author is not well known, unless he be John Henry Arstenius, who wrote the Passionale Christi; wherein he speaks, without doubt, of these Tears. This was printed at Gotha, in 1683, in 8vo.
Lipenius takes notice of several others, that are very well known, who have written on the same Subjects; as, John Brislejus, an Englishman, who put out Lacrymæ Christi super Jerusalem: It is not said where, or in what Year. John Michael Lithernus in German, at Nuremberg, 1642, in 4to. Ahasver Frischeus, Lacrymæ Jesu; at Jena, 1662. Joachim Hildebrand de Lacrymis Christi, in his Answer to James Cuderling; printed at Helmstadt, 1662, in 4to. and in the Fasciculus of his Disputations; at Wittemberg, 1672, in 4to. John Hoornbeck’s two practical Disputations de Lacrymis Christi; at Leyden, 1661, in 4to. John Olearius on the same Tears; at Lipsick, 1681. Michael Siricius, Discursus de Lacrymis Christi; printed at Giessen, 1669, in 4to. the third Edition.
Upon the Bloody Sweat and Earthquake.
As St. Luke only has mentioned this circumstance of our Saviour’s Passion, several have set themselves to treat particularly of it.
De Sudore Christi Sanguineo, vide Ludov. Vives, tom. 2. p. 258. & seq. This is an intire Office in honour of this Mystery, the Mattins, Mass, and all the Hours of the Day are of Vives’s Composition; to which he has joined a long Sermon in Latin.
Thomas Bartholin has likewise treated of this Matter in his Book de Cruce. We have mentioned, in the Article upon St. Matthew, the Edition of Bartholin’s Work; wherein he treats of the Cross of Jesus Christ placed in the midst of two Thieves; of the Drink offered to him, of the Crown of Thorns, and bloody Sweat.
Gaspar Posner has a Disputation upon this Subject; wherein he examines whether this kind of Sweat were natural; and every other Particular which happened to the Person of Jesus Christ at his death: It was printed at Jena, 1665, in 4to. He wrote another upon the Earthquake, and every thing that fell out at his Resurrection; ibid. 1672, in 4to. He was a German Lutheran, and Professor in the University of Jena.
Herman Conring wrote a Dissertation upon the same Sweat; printed at Hildeheim, in 1674, in 4to. See the fourth Part, upon the Polity of the Hebrews; or his Title in the Index.
Valentine Welthem, a Lutheran of Saxony, made a Disputation upon Christ’s sweating Blood; at Jena, 1697, in 4to. He died in 1700.
Lipenius mentions likewise Stephen Clotzius, who wrote a Treatise de Sudore Sanguineo; guineo; printed at Hamburg, in 1670. and at Frankfort, in 1671, in 4to. and John Justus, who treated of it in German; and printed his Work at Helmstadt, in 1658, in 8vo.
We have a fine Thesis by M. Fagon, the Physician, on the same Subject; wherein he inquires, whether to sweat Blood be an Effect of the Strength, or Weakness of the Constitution.
We too have made a Dissertation expressly on the same Subject; which is printed in the Collection of our Dissertations, tom. 3. p. 612.
Upon the Passion of our Saviour.
Cornelius Paschius, a German Lutheran, has an astronomical Dissertation upon the Eclipse which happen’d at the time of the Passion; printed at Wittemberg, in 1687, in 4to. And Paul Pater, another German Lutheran, has written upon the same Subject; printed at Thorn, 1701, in 4to.
Isaac Frereisian, a German Lutheran of Strasburg, who died in 1632. wrote upon Jesus Christ’s last Words upon the Cross. This was printed at Strasburg, in 1725.
At the end of Benedict Carpzovius’s Comment upon Ruth, we find the Defense of a Dissertation written by John Lucius, upon the Descent of Jesus Christ into Hell. Cornelius Hasæus attacked this Dissertation, which he took to be Carpzovius’s: but Lucius defended himself, and pretended to shew that Jesus Christ did really descend into Hell; that is to say, the Place where the Damned are.