Volume 1 · p. 269
Chapter XIV
similitudines sunt specierum vel individuorum, habent in quantum sunt formæ et qualitates essentiales specierum vel individuorum. Hoc igitur est proprie proprium.
CAPUT XIV.
De exclusione erroris qui posset esse circa prædicta.
Circa autem ea quæ dicta sunt, non decet aliquem turbari tanquam nos nobis contrarium dicamus, ea esse genera permixta quæ prius distincta esse determinavimus, quando diximus diversorum generum non subalternatim positorum diversas esse species et differentias: hæc enim adhuc certa sunt et firma veritate confirmata et stabilita. Nemo ergo de hoc conturbetur quod de qualitate propositum facientes et tractantes, multa de relativis interposuimus: habitus enim et dispositiones quæ sunt in prima specie qualitatis, sunt de numero eorum quæ sunt ad aliquid: habitus enim alicujus habitus. In omnibus enim talibus pene ipsa genera ad aliquid dicuntur: nihil autem eorum in talibus quæ singularia sunt, ad aliquid sunt: aliter species secundum nomina specierum non dicuntur ad aliquid, sed in generibus et secundum nomina generum sunt ad aliquid: nam cum disciplina sit genus intellectualium habituum, disciplina hoc ipsum quod est, alterius dicitur et ad aliquid: dicitur etiam disciplina alicujus disciplina, quia disciplina dicitur alicujus disciplinati disciplina, sed eorum quæ sunt in hoc genere quod est disciplina singularia sive specialia, nihil hoc ipsum quod est, alterius dicitur, ut aliqua grammatica non dicitur alterius secundum quod est grammatica, non enim dicitur grammatica alicujus quædam grammatica: nec musica, sed quædam grammatica dicitur alicujus disciplina, non alicujus grammatica, et musica dicitur alicujus disciplina, non alicujus musica.
Propter quod quæcumque istarum singularium per se sunt qualitates, et non sunt ad aliquid. Hujus autem causa est, quia singulariter accepta, ut quædam grammatica et quædam musica, in seipsis claudunt ea quorum sunt et ad quæ dicuntur, et ideo nugatorie extrinsecus apponeretur. Hæc tamen in specie et in singulari qualitates sunt: quia secundum ea quales dicimur cum hæc habemus, et secundum quod habemus ea ut adepta, quales dicimur secundum ea: scientes enim dicimur, eo quod habemus singulas scientias: scientes autem dici, est quales dici secundum scientias. Propter quod hæc etiam erunt qualitates, quamvis secundum genus dicantur ad aliquid. Et hoc est secundum singulas scientias secundum quas etiam dicuntur quales et scientes. Hoc autem secundum quod quales dicimur secundum quod hujusmodi est, non est de numero eorum quæ sunt ad aliquid. Amplius adhuc alia causa est quod non oportet ex talibus conturbari, quia nihil est inconveniens si contingat idem et quale et relativum esse secundum diversa quæ sunt in illo: secundum enim diversa quæ sunt in ipso, nihil prohibet idem ipsum diversis generibus enumerare: et sic grammatica, ut est scientia recte scribendi recteque componendi, quales nos facit, et est in genere qualitatis: ut autem est disciplina, est in eo quod est ad aliquid. Et similiter album per hoc quod subjectum dicit, in substantia est: per hoc autem quod quale dicit subjectum, est in qualitate. Hæc ergo de quali et qualitate dicta sunt.
likenesses are of species or individuals, they have insofar as they are forms and essential qualities of species or individuals. Therefore this is a properly proper property.
CHAPTER XIV.
Concerning the exclusion of the error which could concern the things said before.
But concerning those things which have been said, it is not fitting for someone to be disturbed as though we were saying something contrary to ourselves, that those are mixed genera which we previously determined to be distinct, when we said that of diverse genera not posited subalternately the species and differences are diverse. For these things are still certain and confirmed and stabilized by firm truth. Therefore let no one be disturbed about this, that while making and treating a proposal concerning quality, we have interposed many things concerning relatives; for habits and dispositions which are in the first species of quality are of the number of those things which are toward something: for habit is the habit of something. For in almost all such things the genera themselves are said toward something; but nothing of them in such things which are singular is toward something. Otherwise, species according to the names of species are not said toward something, but in genera and according to the names of genera they are toward something. For since discipline is a genus of intellectual habits, discipline, this very thing which it is, is said of another and toward something; discipline is also called the discipline of someone's discipline, because discipline is called the discipline of someone disciplined; but of those things which are in this genus which is discipline, singular or special things, nothing, this very thing which it is, is said of another, as some grammar is not said to be of another according as it is grammar; for a certain grammar is not called the grammar of someone, nor music, but a certain grammar is called someone's discipline, not someone's grammar, and music is called someone's discipline, not someone's music.
On account of this, whatever of those singulars are through themselves qualities, they are not toward something. But the cause of this is that, taken singularly, as a certain grammar and a certain music, they enclose in themselves those things of which they are and toward which they are said, and therefore it would be added externally frivolously. Nevertheless these in species and in the singular are qualities, because according to them we are called quales when we have them, and according as we have them as acquired, we are called quales according to them; for we are called knowing because we have individual sciences, and to be called knowing is to be called quales according to sciences. On account of this these also will be qualities, although according to genus they are said toward something. And this is according to individual sciences, according to which they are also called quales and knowing. But this, according to which we are called quales according to what is of this kind, is not of the number of those things which are toward something. Further, there is still another cause why one ought not to be disturbed by such things, because there is nothing unfitting if the same thing happens to be both quale and relative according to diverse things which are in it; for according to diverse things which are in it, nothing prohibits numbering the very same thing in diverse genera. And thus grammar, as it is the science of writing rightly and composing rightly, makes us quales, and is in the genus of quality; but as it is discipline, it is in that which is toward something. And similarly white, through this, that it says a subject, is in substance; but through this, that it says a quale subject, is in quality. Therefore these things have been said concerning quale and quality.
If a page does not appear, its photograph has not been uploaded yet.